LEADER 04035nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910810301303321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-282-86161-1 010 $a9786612861611 010 $a0-7735-7160-4 024 7 $a10.1515/9780773571600 035 $a(CKB)1000000000521364 035 $a(OCoLC)756538576 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10135289 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000283559 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11251722 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000283559 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10248314 035 $a(PQKB)11429035 035 $a(CaPaEBR)400998 035 $a(CaBNvSL)jme00326543 035 $a(DE-B1597)657921 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780773571600 035 $a(VaAlCD)20.500.12592/z3sppr 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3331259 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3245558 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000521364 100 $a20030603d2003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aReigns of terror /$fPatricia Marchak 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aMontreal ;$aIthaca $cMcGill-Queen's University Press$d2003 215 $a1 online resource (321 p.) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-7735-2641-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront Matter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tAn Argument about Conditions Leading to Crimes against Humanity -- $tStates, Armed Force, and Unequal Citizens -- $tRacism and Identity -- $tRacism and Identity -- $tCulture and Ideology -- $tWho Are the Ordinary Men? -- $tThe Janus State and the Problem of Intervention -- $tCase Studies -- $tOttoman Empire, 1915-16 -- $tThe USSR , 1932-33 -- $tNazi Germany, 1933-45 -- $tBurundi and Rwanda,1972-95 -- $tBurundi and Rwanda,1972-95 -- $tCambodia, 1975-79 -- $tArgentina, 1976-83 -- $tYugoslavia, 1990-94 -- $tEpilogue -- $tReferences -- $tIndex 330 $aMarchak departs significantly from mainstream explanations of genocide, rejecting racism as a fundamental cause and disputing a wide range of other explanations that cite racist and religious ideologies, perception of threat, authoritarianism, and unique historical circumstances as primary causes. She argues that while these variables may be contributing factors, states move toward human rights crimes because their governments can no longer sustain a particular social hierarchy. Reasons for their paralysis may be economic, environmental, demographic, or purely political. In an attempt to re-establish the former status quo, they turn against groups low on the hierarchical scale, some of which may be defined in ethnic terms. If governments come into power as revolutionary forces, they may commit such crimes in order to establish a new social hierarchy. Other necessary but insufficient conditions for state crimes include the military capacity for committing mass murder, the creation of ideology that justifies such action, and the failure of independent institutions such as the mass media and universities to counter ideological and military forces. Reigns of Terror is highly accessible and aimed at an audience of senior undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty in the social sciences, as well as a more general reading public concerned about the many state-sponsored crimes against humanity still occurring in the world. 606 $aCrimes against humanity 606 $aGenocide$xSociological aspects 606 $aGenocide$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aPolitical atrocities$xHistory$y20th century 615 0$aCrimes against humanity. 615 0$aGenocide$xSociological aspects. 615 0$aGenocide$xHistory 615 0$aPolitical atrocities$xHistory 676 $a304.6/63 700 $aMarchak$b M. Patricia$01635559 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910810301303321 996 $aReigns of terror$93976416 997 $aUNINA