LEADER 04744oam 2200481 450 001 9910810038903321 005 20190911100032.0 010 $a0-444-59582-1 035 $a(OCoLC)880852911 035 $a(MiFhGG)GVRL6ZTV 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001115643 100 $a20140416d2014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurun|---uuuua 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aBiofuels from algae /$fedited by Ashok Pandey [and three others] 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aBurlington, MA :$cElsevier,$d2014. 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 338 pages) $cillustrations (some color) 225 0 $aGale eBooks 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-444-59558-9 311 $a1-299-84727-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; Biofuels from Algae; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Chapter 1: An Open Pond System for Microalgal Cultivation; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Biotechnology and Microalgae; 1.3. Open Pond Systems; 1.4. Main Microalgae Cultivated in Open Pond Systems; 1.4.1. Spirulina; 1.4.2. Chlorella; 1.4.3. Dunaliella; 1.5 Reactor Design; 1.6. Light Regime; 1.7. Hydrodynamics of the Reactor; 1.8. Fixation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2); 1.9. Temperature; 1.10. pH; 1.11. Sterility of Cultivation; 1.12. Biomass Harvest; 1.12.1. Sedimentation Using Gravity; 1.12.2. Flocculation 327 $a1.12.3. Centrifugation1.12.4. Filtration; 1.12.5. Flotation; 1.12.6. Electrophoresis; 1.13. Drying of Biomass; 1.14. Other Microalgal Culture Systems; 1.14.1. Closed Photobioreactors; 1.14.2. Hybrid Photobioreactors; 1.15. Applications of Biomass; 1.15.1. Food; 1.15.2. Drugs; 1.15.3. Biopigments; 1.15.4. Biopolymers; 1.15.5. Biofuels; 1.15.6. Biofertilizers; 1.16. Conclusion; References; Chapter 2: Design of Photobioreactors for Algal Cultivation; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Factors Affecting Microalgae Growth and Biofuels Production; 2.2.1. Carbon Sources; 2.2.2. Nitrogen Source 327 $a2.2.3. Light Supply2.2.4. Temperature; 2.2.5. pH; 2.2.6. Salinity; 2.3. Photobioreactor Design Principles; 2.4. Microalgae Cultivation in Closed and Open PBRs for Biofuel Production; 2.4.1. Open Systems; 2.4.1.1. Simple Ponds; 2.4.1.2. Raceway Ponds; 2.4.2. Closed Systems; 2.4.2.1. Vertical Column Photobioreactors; 2.4.2.2. Flat Plate Photobioreactors; 2.4.2.3. Horizontal Tubular Photobioreactors; 2.4.3. General Discussion of Microalgae Cultivation Systems; 2.5. Commercial Microalgae Cultivation Systems for Biofuel Production; 2.6. Conclusions; References 327 $aChapter 3: Metabolic Engineering and Molecular Biotechnology of Microalgae for Fuel Production3.1. Introduction; 3.2. Biodiesel; 3.3. Biohydrogen; 3.4. Other Strategies; 3.4.1. Optimization of Light Conversion Efficiency (LHCB); 3.4.2. Recycling and Recovery of Co-products; 3.5. Challenges and Perspectives; References; Chapter 4: Respirometric Balance and Carbon Fixation of Industrially Important Algae; 4.1. Introduction; 4.1.1. Microalgal Metabolism; 4.1.2. Photosynthesis; 4.1.3. Microalgae Culture Fundamentals; 4.2. Carbon Dioxide Fixation by Microalgae 327 $a4.2.1. Carbon Dioxide ?s Role in Photobioreactors4.2.2. Methods of CO2 Fixation Quantification; 4.2.3. Carbon Fixation of Industrially Important Microalgae; 4.2.3.1. Chlorella vulgaris; 4.2.3.2. Botryococcus braunii; 4.2.3.3. Spirulina platensis; 4.2.3.4. Dunaliella sp.; 4.2.3.5. Haematococcus sp.; 4.3. Practical Aspects of Mass Cultivation for CO2 Fixation; 4.3.1. Cultivation Vessels; 4.3.2. Light Diffusion; 4.3.3. Mixing; 4.4. Carbon Market for Microalgal Technologies; References; Chapter 5: Algal Biomass Harvesting; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Stability and Separability of Microalgae 327 $a5.3. Methods of Algae Harvesting 330 $aThis book provides in-depth information on basic and applied aspects of biofuels production from algae. It begins with an introduction to the topic, and follows with the basic scientific aspects of algal cultivation and its use for biofuels production, such as photo bioreactor engineering for microalgae production, open culture systems for biomass production and the economics of biomass production. It provides state-of-the-art information on synthetic biology approaches for algae suitable for biofuels production, followed by algal biomass harvesting, algal oils as fuels, biohydrogen product 606 $aBiomass energy 615 0$aBiomass energy. 676 $a662.88 702 $aPandey$b Ashok 801 0$bMiFhGG 801 1$bMiFhGG 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910810038903321 996 $aBiofuels from algae$93913911 997 $aUNINA