LEADER 04498nam 2200733 450 001 9910809635403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-5017-0479-6 010 $a1-5017-0480-X 024 7 $a10.7591/9781501704802 035 $a(CKB)3710000000656844 035 $a(EBL)4517891 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001655194 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16436665 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001655194 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14750278 035 $a(PQKB)10679275 035 $a(OCoLC)1041040025 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse58350 035 $a(DE-B1597)481745 035 $a(OCoLC)979968893 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781501704802 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4517891 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11204947 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL954312 035 $a(OCoLC)948924928 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4517891 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000656844 100 $a20160516h20102010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aRed brethren $ethe Brothertown and Stockbridge Indians and the problem of race in early America /$fDavid J. Silverman 210 1$aIthaca, New York ;$aLondon, [England] :$cCornell University Press,$d2010. 210 4$dİ2010 215 $a1 online resource (294 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-5017-0075-8 311 $a0-8014-4477-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$tAbbreviations --$tPrologue: That Overwhelming Tide of Fate --$t1. All One Indian --$t2. Converging Paths --$t3. Betrayals --$t4. Out from Under the Burdens --$t5. Exodus --$t6. Cursed --$t7. Red Brethren --$t8. More Than They Know How to Endure --$t9. Indians or Citizens, White Men or Red? --$tEpilogue: "Extinction" and a "Common Ancestor" --$tNotes --$tIndex 330 $aNew England Indians created the multitribal Brothertown and Stockbridge communities during the eighteenth century with the intent of using Christianity and civilized reforms to cope with white expansion. In Red Brethren, David J. Silverman considers the stories of these communities and argues that Indians in early America were racial thinkers in their own right and that indigenous people rallied together as Indians not only in the context of violent resistance but also in campaigns to adjust peacefully to white dominion. All too often, the Indians discovered that their many concessions to white demands earned them no relief. In the era of the American Revolution, the pressure of white settlements forced the Brothertowns and Stockbridges from New England to Oneida country in upstate New York. During the early nineteenth century, whites forced these Indians from Oneida country, too, until they finally wound up in Wisconsin. Tired of moving, in the 1830's and 1840's, the Brothertowns and Stockbridges became some of the first Indians to accept U.S. citizenship, which they called "becoming white," in the hope that this status would enable them to remain as Indians in Wisconsin. Even then, whites would not leave them alone. Red Brethren traces the evolution of Indian ideas about race under this relentless pressure. In the early seventeenth century, indigenous people did not conceive of themselves as Indian. They sharpened their sense of Indian identity as they realized that Christianity would not bridge their many differences with whites, and as they fought to keep blacks out of their communities. The stories of Brothertown and Stockbridge shed light on the dynamism of Indians' own racial history and the place of Indians in the racial history of early America. 606 $aBrotherton Indians$xHistory 606 $aBrotherton Indians$xReligion 606 $aStockbridge Indians$xHistory 606 $aStockbridge Indians$xReligion 607 $aNew England$xRace relations$xHistory 607 $aNew England$xHistory$yColonial period, ca. 1600-1775 607 $aNew England$xHistory$y1775-1865 615 0$aBrotherton Indians$xHistory. 615 0$aBrotherton Indians$xReligion. 615 0$aStockbridge Indians$xHistory. 615 0$aStockbridge Indians$xReligion. 676 $a974/.03 700 $aSilverman$b David J.$f1971-$01704010 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910809635403321 996 $aRed brethren$94089674 997 $aUNINA