LEADER 06625nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910808451903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-280-08599-1 010 $a9786610085996 010 $a0-585-48644-1 024 7 $a10.1596/0-8213-5691-7 035 $a(CKB)111087027997124 035 $a(OCoLC)54761034 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10046587 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000085767 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11124275 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000085767 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10025123 035 $a(PQKB)11249682 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3050630 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3050630 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10046587 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL8599 035 $a(The World Bank)2003063305 035 $a(US-djbf)13368233 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111087027997124 100 $a20031009d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aCauses of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon /$fSergio Margulis 205 $a1st ed. 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWorld Bank$d2004 215 $axxiii, 77 pages $cmap ;$d26 cm 225 1 $aWorld Bank working paper ;$vno. 22 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8213-5691-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aIntro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Second Foreword -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Motivation for the Study -- 2. Deforestation and Land Use in Amazonia: Evidence of Large Scale Cattle Ranching -- Temporal Trend of Deforestation -- Spatial Patterns at the Municipal Level -- Evolution of Land Use in Legal Amazonia -- Contribution of Large and Small Deforested Areas to Overall Deforestation -- Evolution of the Cattle Herd -- Socioeconomic Benefits from Deforestation: Early Evidence -- 3. Different Frontiers and Their Economic and Social Dynamics: Determinants of Amazon Occupation -- Expansion of the "Speculative Frontier" and the Deforestation Process -- Determinants of Land Occupation in Amazonia: An Econometric Model -- 4. The Microeconomics of Beef Cattle Ranching in Amazonia -- The Beef Cattle Economy in Amazonia: Brief Background -- Field Research -- Technical Parameters Adopted -- Production Costs: Pastures -- Net Income per Hectare -- Analysis of Yield -- Mathematical Modeling -- Some Simulations -- Final Considerations and Trends -- 5. Social Costs and Benefits of Deforestation -- Government Incentives: Subsidies as a Basis for Cattle Ranching and Deforestation? -- Estimate of Economic (Social) Costs of Deforestation in Amazonia -- Sustainable Alternatives: Comparing Costs and Benefits -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Main Results: Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Annex: Socioeconomic Development in Brazilian Amazonia -- References -- TABLES -- Table 1: Evolution of Land Use in Legal Amazonia in Census Years (percent)\ -- Table 2: Evolution of Land Use in the cerrado -- Table 3: Property Rights in Legal Amazonia, in Census Years (percent of Geographic Area). 327 $aTable 4: Distribution of the Number and Area Occupied by Establishments in Legal Amazonia, According to Size, Average for 1970-95 -- Table 5: Average Size of Deforested Plots, 1996-99 (in percentage terms) -- Table 6: Percentage Contribution of Plot Sizes to Deforestation per State, Average 1997-99 -- Table 7: Evolution of the Cattle Herd (1990-2000) (thousand animals) -- Table 8: Evolution of Per Capita Rural Income in the States of Legal Amazonia, 1970-95 (1995 US dollars) -- Table 9: Evolution of Beef Exports and Per Capita Consumption in Brazil (1995-2000) -- Table 10: Size of the Properties and Land Use Adopted in the Panels -- Table 11: Main Animal Production Indices as Indicated by the Panels -- Table 12: Comparison of the Parameters of the Panels with IBGE Data, Municipality of Paragominas (Pará) -- Table 13: Net Income per Hectare from Cattle (in Reals per year) -- Table 14: Internal Rates of Return (IRR) from Rearing, New-breeding and Fattening Systems -- Table 15: Internal Rates of Return (IRR) from New-breeding and Fattening System -- Table 16: Net Returns (in Reals per Hectare) -- Table 17: Absolute Deviations of Crops over the Past 10 Seasons (in January 2002 Reals per Hectare) -- Table 18: Results of Deforestation Tax Simulations -- Table 19: FINAM Fiscal Incentives by Sector (in 2000 US million) -- Table 20: Maximum Herd Numbers Benefiting from FINAM Incentives (a) -- Table 21: Rural Credit for Northern Region (in 2000 US million) -- Table 22: Summary of the Estimates of the Costs of Deforestation -- Table 23: Value of Renting the Land for Grazing in Legal Amazonia, 1998-2001 (US per ha/year) -- Table A1: Evolution of Rural and Urban Populations, GDP and GDP per capita in Legal Amazonia, 1970-95 -- FIGURES -- Figure 1: Accumulated Municipal Deforestation up to 2000 -- Figure 2: Deforested Area Within Rural Establishments, 1995/96. 327 $aFigure 3: Cattle Densities (heads/km 2 ) in 1975 and 1996 -- Figure 4: Evolution of Transport Costs, 1980 and 1995 -- Figure 5: Production Costs: Rearing-New-breeding-Fattening Panels -- Figure 6: Efficient Frontier: Risk and Income Combinations (Paragominas) -- Figure A1: Accumulated Distribution of Municipal Population in Legal Amazonia According to GDP per capita, 1970-1995 (in constant 1995 US) -- Figure A2: Accumulated Distribution of Municipal Population in Legal Amazonia, According to Population with Insufficient Income, 1970-1991 -- Figure A3: Average Life Expectancy in Municipalities of Legal Amazonia, 1970-91 -- Figure A4: Infant Mortality in Municipalities of Legal Amazonia (deaths per 1000 live births) -- Figure A5: Cumulative Distribution of the Municipal Population of Legal Amazonia, According to Illiteracy Rates, 1970-91. 410 0$aWorld Bank working paper ;$vno. 22. 606 $aDeforestation$zBrazil 606 $aDeforestation$zAmazon River Region 606 $aRanching$xEnvironmental aspects$zBrazil 606 $aRanching$xEnvironmental aspects$zAmazon River Region 615 0$aDeforestation 615 0$aDeforestation 615 0$aRanching$xEnvironmental aspects 615 0$aRanching$xEnvironmental aspects 676 $a333.75/137/0981 700 $aMargulis$b Sergio$01671573 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910808451903321 996 $aCauses of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon$94204125 997 $aUNINA