LEADER 06609oam 22014774 450 001 9910788348803321 005 20230120051455.0 010 $a1-4623-0634-9 010 $a1-4527-9144-9 010 $a1-4518-7157-0 010 $a9786612842320 010 $a1-282-84232-3 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055185 035 $a(EBL)1608143 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000940072 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11483768 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940072 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10947844 035 $a(PQKB)10137075 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608143 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1608143 035 $a(OCoLC)867079269 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3013003 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009010 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055185 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBenford?s Law and Macroeconomic Data Quality /$fJesus Gonzalez-Garcia, Gonzalo Pastor Campos 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (22 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1593-4 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Benford's Law and Testing Methodology; A. Benford's Law; B. Testing Methodology; III. Conformity of Macroeconomic Data with Benford's Law; IV. Comparison of Goodness of Fit Tests Results with ROSC Assessments of Data Quality; V. Can Tests of Conformity with Benford's Law be Considered Reliable Indicators of Macroeconomic Data Quality ?; VI. Conclusion; Text Tables; 1. Banking Survey Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests; 2. Balance of Payments Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests; 3. National Accounts Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests 327 $a4. Government Finance Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests5. Rejections of Benford's Law and Shares of LNO and NO Ratings; Appendix: Country Groups and Data Series Used; Appendix Tables; A.1. Groups of Countries; A2. Data Series Tested; Text Figures; 1. Finland and Japan Nominal GDP; 2. Niger Nominal GDP, Household Consumption and Gross Fixed Capital Formation; References 330 3 $aThis paper examines the usefulness of testing the conformity of macroeconomic data with Benford's law as indicator of data quality. Most of the macroeconomic data series tested conform with Benford's law. However, questions emerge on the reliability of such tests as indicators of data quality once conformity with Benford's law is contrasted with the data quality ratings included in the data module of the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (data ROSCs). Furthermore, the analysis shows that rejection of Benford's law may be unrelated to the quality of statistics, and instead may result from marked structural shifts in the data series. Hence, nonconformity with Benford's law should not be interpreted as a reliable indication of poor quality in macroeconomic data. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/010 606 $aBusiness & Economics$2HILCC 606 $aEconomic Theory$2HILCC 606 $aInvestments: General$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aStatistics$2imf 606 $aEconometric and Statistical Methods: General$2imf 606 $aMethodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data$2imf 606 $aData Access$2imf 606 $aMeasurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth$2imf 606 $aEnvironmental Accounts$2imf 606 $aMonetary Systems$2imf 606 $aStandards$2imf 606 $aRegimes$2imf 606 $aGovernment and the Monetary System$2imf 606 $aPayment Systems$2imf 606 $aGeneral Aggregative Models: General$2imf 606 $aInvestment$2imf 606 $aCapital$2imf 606 $aIntangible Capital$2imf 606 $aCapacity$2imf 606 $aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology$2imf 606 $aComputer Programs: Other$2imf 606 $aCurrent Account Adjustment$2imf 606 $aShort-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aEconometrics & economic statistics$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aCurrencies$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aGross fixed investment$2imf 606 $aGovernment finance statistics$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments statistics$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aEconomic and financial statistics$2imf 606 $aNational income$2imf 606 $aSaving and investment$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 7$aBusiness & Economics 615 7$aEconomic Theory 615 7$aInvestments: General 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aStatistics 615 7$aEconometric and Statistical Methods: General 615 7$aMethodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data 615 7$aData Access 615 7$aMeasurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth 615 7$aEnvironmental Accounts 615 7$aMonetary Systems 615 7$aStandards 615 7$aRegimes 615 7$aGovernment and the Monetary System 615 7$aPayment Systems 615 7$aGeneral Aggregative Models: General 615 7$aInvestment 615 7$aCapital 615 7$aIntangible Capital 615 7$aCapacity 615 7$aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology 615 7$aComputer Programs: Other 615 7$aCurrent Account Adjustment 615 7$aShort-term Capital Movements 615 7$aEconometrics & economic statistics 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aCurrencies 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aGross fixed investment 615 7$aGovernment finance statistics 615 7$aBalance of payments statistics 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aEconomic and financial statistics 615 7$aNational income 615 7$aSaving and investment 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aBalance of payments 676 $a339 700 $aGonzalez-Garcia$b Jesus$01491219 701 $aPastor Campos$b Gonzalo$01491220 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788348803321 996 $aBenford?s Law and Macroeconomic Data Quality$93712967 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03861nam 2200661 450 001 9910808430703321 005 20230617023745.0 010 $a1-4426-5914-9 010 $a1-4426-2102-8 024 7 $a10.3138/9781442621022 035 $a(CKB)3710000000329578 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001454168 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11791058 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001454168 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11496674 035 $a(PQKB)10839735 035 $a(DE-B1597)465513 035 $a(OCoLC)946712950 035 $a(OCoLC)999354672 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781442621022 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4670230 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11256744 035 $a(OCoLC)958565026 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4670230 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000329578 100 $a20160920h20032003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe mirroure of the worlde : $ea Middle English translation of Le miroir du monde /$fedited with introduction, notes, and glossary by Robert R. Raymo and Elaine E. Whitaker ; with the assistance of Ruth E. Sternglantz 210 1$aToronto, [Ontario] ;$aBuffalo, [New York] ;$aLondon, [England] :$cPublished for the Medieval Academy of America by the University of Toronto Press,$d2003. 210 4$dİ2003 215 $a1 online resource (655 pages) 225 1 $aMedieval Academy Books ;$vNumber 106 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a1-4426-5736-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFrontmatter -- $tContents -- $tAcknowledgments -- $tAbbreviations and Sigla -- $tIntroduction -- $tThe Mirroure of the Worlds -- $tHere Begynneth the Chapitres of the Booke That is Called the Mirroure of the Worlde and That Some Calleth Vice and Vertu. Part 1 -- $tHere Begynneth The Chapitres Of The Booke That Is Called The Mirroure Of The Worlde And That Some Calleth Vice And Vertu. Part 2 -- $tTextual Notes -- $tExplanatory Notes -- $tGlossary -- $tBibliography -- $tIndex of Names 330 $aThe allegories of the virtues and vices were a common teaching tool in the Middle Ages for both religious and lay audiences to learn the basic tenets of the Christian faith. The Mirroure of the Worlde makes available for the first time the unique text in the fifteenth-century British manuscript, MS. Bodley 283, which is among the last and largest works in the tradition of lay religious instruction mandated by the Fourth Lateran Council. The Mirroure is derived from conflations of the Miroir du Monde and the Somme le Roi, both vernacular treatises on vices and virtues compiled in Northeast France in the thirteenth century. Translated into Middle English by, it is believed, Stephen Scrope, the foremost English translator of the mid-fifteenth century, this edition is one of the only books of virtues and vices that contains Latin text, an inclusion that points towards a more widespread knowledge of the language among the laypeople than previously thought. Complete with explanatory notes and a glossary, The Mirroure of the Worlde widens the understanding of medieval moral instruction, religion, reading practices, and education. 410 0$aMedieval Academy books ;$vNumber 106. 606 $aChristian ethics$vEarly works to 1800 606 $aConscience, Examination of$vEarly works to 1800 615 0$aChristian ethics 615 0$aConscience, Examination of 676 $a241 702 $aRaymo$b Robert R. 702 $aWhitaker$b Elaine E. 702 $aSternglantz$b Ruth E. 712 02$aMedieval Academy of America. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910808430703321 996 $aThe mirroure of the worlde$94103358 997 $aUNINA