LEADER 05834oam 2200781I 450 001 9910807278803321 005 20230803023023.0 010 $a0-415-61644-1 010 $a1-315-82256-3 010 $a1-317-82924-7 010 $a1-317-82925-5 024 7 $a10.4324/9781315822563 035 $a(CKB)2550000001190270 035 $a(EBL)1602143 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001173050 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11656237 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001173050 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11194517 035 $a(PQKB)11447977 035 $a(OCoLC)874153347 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1602143 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1602143 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10830552 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL569691 035 $a(OCoLC)869095813 035 $a(OCoLC)897461210 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001190270 100 $a20180706e20132003 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aMuslims and Christians in Norman Sicily $eArabic speakers and the end of Islam /$fAlex Metcalfe 210 1$aLondon ;$aNew York :$cRoutledge,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (619 p.) 225 1 $aCulture and Civilization in the Middle East 300 $aFirst published 2003 by RoutledgeCurzon. 311 $a0-7007-1685-8 311 $a1-306-38440-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Half Title; Culture and Civilization in the Middle East; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Transliteration schemes; Map of Sicily; Introduction; 1 Sicily before 1100; Popular perceptions and issues; Early invasions and settlement; Romanization and the 'Siculi trilingues'; The situation at the end of the Byzantine period; The Islamic period (827-1061); The Sicilian 'thema' and responses to raids; Phases of the Islamic conquest of Sicily; Demographic patterns: the Christian exodus?; Conversion, assimilation and degrees of Christian-ness 327 $aThe Islamicization of SicilyRometta; The social and linguistic situation at the end of the Islamic period; The 'Norman conquest' of Sicily?; Events of the conquest; The 'Greeks' and Muslims of Troina; The Sicilian Muslim communities around 1090; 2 The Muslim Community: Language, Religion and Status; Introduction to the issues; Messina and Agrigento: Christians and Muslims; The new rulers and the status quo; Life under 'indirect rule': the fiscal, legal and religious status of Sicilian Muslims; Ibn G?ubayr's 'Rihl?a' as a historical source; Muslim administrators and Arab-Islamic traditions 327 $aThe Muslims, the Sicilian kings and the Trinacria toposThe 'palace Saracens' and religious ambiguity; The trial and execution of Philip of Mahdiyya; Arabic, Islam and taqiya; The convert Ibn Zur'a; 3 'Normans', 'Lombards', 'Greeks', 'Arabs', 'Berbers' and Jews; Introduction; Twelfth-century terms of reference; The 'ethnicity' question; North African contingents; The Berber question; A model for Berber settlement and dialects?; Introduction to the Sicilian 'Greeks' and Jewish communities; 4 At the margins of the Arabic-speaking communities 327 $aDefining the margins of the Arabic-speaking communitiesDemographic mobility: the villeins around Cefalu?; Naming and identity; Signs of social integration among villeins: Catania and Aci in 1095; Arabic and Greek names from Nico?tera in 1093; Patti: 'Saracens', 'Greeks', and 'men of the Latin tongue'; The extent of local variation: an early register from western Sicily; Onomastic data as evidence for social change; Abandoning Arabic names: the Christians of Collesano; Assessing names of mixed origin; Non-Arabic names from the Monreale villeins in 1178; The Christians of Corleone 327 $aDistinguishing between Muslims and Arabic-speaking Christians5 Communication around the royal palaces and Arabic as a language of the ruling elite; The Sicilian kings through the eyes of Muslim authors; The collapse of Arab-Muslim intellectual activity; The Sicilian kings, their languages and education; The Sicilian translation movement: from Greek and Arabic into Latin; Arabic-speakers among the ruling elite: the 'palace Saracens'; The Mustakhlif in the royal palace; Arabic-speaking ancillary staff in the royal palaces 327 $aRe-animating the tradition? The reputed language interests of Frederick II 330 $aThe social and linguistic history of medieval Sicily is both intriguing and complex. Before the Muslim invasion of 827, the islanders spoke dialects of either Greek or Latin or both. On the arrival of the Normans around 1060 Arabic was the dominant language, but by 1250 Sicily was an almost exclusively Christian island, with Romance dialects in evidence everywhere. Of particular importance to the development of Sicily was the formative period of Norman rule (1061 1194), when most of the key transitions from an Arabic-speaking Muslim island to a 'Latin'-speaking Christian one were made. 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