LEADER 07562oam 22014174 450 001 9910806808503321 005 20240402023702.0 010 $a1-4755-3252-0 010 $a1-4843-3916-9 010 $a1-4843-9379-1 035 $a(CKB)2550000001138430 035 $a(EBL)1587841 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001157475 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11643910 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001157475 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11208771 035 $a(PQKB)11238641 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1587841 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10790028 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL538131 035 $a(OCoLC)867928036 035 $a(IMF)ESRLIEE 035 $a(IMF)ESRLIEA 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1587841 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001138430 100 $a20020129d2013 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEnergy Subsidy Reform : $eLessons and Implications /$fBenedict Clements, David Coady, Stefania Fabrizio, Sanjeev Gupta, Trevor Alleyne, Carlo Sdralevich 205 $a1st ed. 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (197 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-5811-2 311 $a1-306-06880-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Preface; 1 Introduction and Background; Figures; Figure 1.1 International Prices of Oil, Coal, and Natural Gas, 2006-12 (Indexed January 2000=100); 2 Defining and Measuring Energy Subsidies; Boxs; Box 2.1 Pretax and Posttax Consumer Subsidies; Box 2.2 Financing Fuel Subsidies in India; Figure 2.1 Pretax Energy Subsidies, 2007-11 (Billions of U.S. dollars); Figure 2.2 Pretax Energy Subsidies by Region, 2011; Figure 2.3 Pretax Petroleum Subsidies among Petroleum Importing and Exporting Countries, 2011 (Percent of GDP) 327 $aFigure 2.4 Adjustment of Energy Subsidies for Taxes and Externalities, 20113 Macroeconomic, Environmental, and Social Implications; Box 3.1 Electricity Subsidies and Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa; Figure 3.1 Posttax Subsidies and Social Spending, 2010 (Percent of GDP); Box 3.2 Energy Subsidy Reform and Competitiveness; Figure 3.2 Distribution of Petroleum Product Subsidies by Income Groups (Percent of total product subsidies); 4 Reforming Energy Subsidies: Lessons from Experience; Tables; TABLE 4.1 Summary of Country Energy Subsidy Reform Episodes 327 $a5 Case Studies from the Sub-Saharan Africa Region TABLE 5.1 Ghana: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.1 Ghana: Fuel Price Developments, 2000-2012; TABLE 5.2 Namibia: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.2 Namibia: National Energy Fund and Slate Account, 1990-2011 (Millions of Namibian dollars); Figure 5.3 Namibia: Macroeconomic Developments and Fuel Subsidy Reform, 1990-2011; TABLE 5.3 Niger: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011; Figure 5.4 Niger: Fuel Price Developments, 2005-11 (Central African francs per liter) 327 $aFigure 5.5 Niger: Macroeconomic Developments and Energy Subsidy Reforms, 2008-11 (Percent of GDP or rate)TABLE 5.4 Nigeria: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2003-11; Figure 5.6 Nigeria: International and Domestic Fuel Prices, 2006-11 (Difference between world price and domestic price); TABLE 5.5 Nigeria: Developments in Fuel Prices and Fuel Subsidies, 2006-12; Box 5.1 Nigeria: Rationale for Subsidy Removal; TABLE 5.6 South Africa: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 1993-2011; Figure 5.7 South Africa: Composition of Gasoline Pump Prices and Taxes, 2001-12 327 $aTABLE 5.7 Kenya: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 1995-2009 TABLE 5.8 Kenya: Key Power Sector Indicators, 1995-2009; Figure 5.8 Kenya: Hidden Costs in the Power Sector, 2001-8; TABLE 5.9 Uganda: Key Macroeconomic and Power Sector Indicators, 2005-10; TABLE 5.10 Uganda: Explicit Fiscal Subsidies for the Power Sector and the Cost of Thermal Generation, 2006-11; TABLE 5.11 Uganda: Quasi-Fiscal Deficit of the Power Sector, 2005-8 and 2009-11; 6 Case Studies from Emerging and Developing Asia; TABLE 6.1 Indonesia: Key Macroeconomic Indicators, 2000-2011 327 $aFigure 6.1 Indonesia: Macroeconomic Developments and Energy Subsidy Reforms, 1997- 2011 (Percent of GDP or rate) 330 3 $aEnergy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of ?how to do? energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions. 410 0$aBooks 606 $aEnergy consumption 606 $aInvestments: Energy$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aEnergy: Demand and Supply$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aTrade Policy$2imf 606 $aInternational Trade Organizations$2imf 606 $aElectric Utilities$2imf 606 $aHydrocarbon Resources$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf 606 $aEnergy industries & utilities$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aInvestment & securities$2imf 606 $aPetroleum, oil & gas industries$2imf 606 $aEnergy subsidies$2imf 606 $aFuel prices$2imf 606 $aTariffs$2imf 606 $aEnergy pricing$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 606 $aTariff$2imf 606 $aElectric utilities$2imf 606 $aGas industry$2imf 606 $aSubsidies$2imf 607 $aIndonesia$2imf 615 0$aEnergy consumption. 615 7$aInvestments: Energy 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aEnergy: Demand and Supply 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aTrade Policy 615 7$aInternational Trade Organizations 615 7$aElectric Utilities 615 7$aHydrocarbon Resources 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General 615 7$aEnergy industries & utilities 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aInvestment & securities 615 7$aPetroleum, oil & gas industries 615 7$aEnergy subsidies 615 7$aFuel prices 615 7$aTariffs 615 7$aEnergy pricing 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 615 7$aTariff 615 7$aElectric utilities 615 7$aGas industry 615 7$aSubsidies 676 $a333.7 700 $aClements$b Benedict$0122914 701 $aCoady$b David$0629944 701 $aFabrizio$b Stefania$01103907 701 $aGupta$b Sanjeev$0257292 701 $aAlleyne$b Trevor$01598347 701 $aSdralevich$b Carlo$0279864 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910806808503321 996 $aEnergy Subsidy Reform$93920536 997 $aUNINA