LEADER 03976nam 2200433 450 001 9910798617003321 005 20230808195428.0 010 $a0-309-44751-8 010 $a0-309-44749-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000000865225 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4690557 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000865225 100 $a20161006h20162016 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aNational security space defense and protection $epublic report /$fCommittee on National Security Space Defense and Protection, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences ; a report of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cThe National Academies Press,$d[2016] 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (79 pages) $ccolor illustrations 311 $a0-309-44748-8 327 $aSummary -- Context for study. Introduction -- Space-enabled capabilities are increasingly shared -- The accessibility of space -- Domestic and international consumer markets -- Government and commercial sectors -- Consumer demands help drive innovation in space -- The vitality of space -- National security uses of space. Low Earth orbits and functions ; Medium Earth orbits and functions ; Geosynchronous Earth orbits and functions ; Highly elliptical orbits and functions -- Final Thoughts -- Selected issues related to national security space defense and protection. Introduction -- The characterization of space in national discourse -- The role of space in national security -- Space services : classifying what is at stake -- Threats to space systems and services -- Defending and protecting national security space assets : space defense triad -- System protection measures -- Deterrence measures. Credibility of a deterrent threat ; Capability of responding ; Communicating deterrence messages -- Coalition formation and international regimes -- Final Thoughts. 330 $a"It is not yet 60 years since the first artificial satellite was placed into Earth orbit. In just over a half century, mankind has gone from no presence in outer space to a condition of high dependence on orbiting satellites. These sensors, receivers, transmitters, and other such devices, as well as the satellites that carry them, are components of complex space systems that include terrestrial elements, electronic links between and among components, organizations to provide the management, care and feeding, and launch systems that put satellites into orbit. In many instances, these space systems connect with and otherwise interact with terrestrial systems; for example, a very long list of Earth-based systems cannot function properly without information from the Global Positioning System (GPS). Space systems are fundamental to the information business, and the modern world is an information-driven one. In addition to navigation (and associated timing), space systems provide communications and imagery and other Earth-sensing functions. Among these systems are many that support military, intelligence, and other national security functions of the United States and many other nations. Some of these are unique government, national security systems; however, functions to support national security are also provided by commercial and civil-government space systems."--$cProvided by publisher. 606 $aSpace surveillance$zUnited States 606 $aSpace vehicles 607 $aUnited States$2fast 615 0$aSpace surveillance 615 0$aSpace vehicles. 676 $a358/.8 712 02$aNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.).$bCommittee on National Security Space Defense and Protection, 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910798617003321 996 $aNational security space defense and protection$93800490 997 $aUNINA