LEADER 08655nam 2200433 450 001 9910634038603321 005 20230416110007.0 010 $a9783658384531$b(electronic bk.) 010 $z9783658384524 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC7153038 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL7153038 035 $a(CKB)25610217100041 035 $a(EXLCZ)9925610217100041 100 $a20230416d2022 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aComputational fluid dynamics $egetting started quickly with ANSYS CFX 18 through simple examples /$fStefan Lecheler 210 1$aCham, Switzerland :$cSpringer,$d[2022] 210 4$dİ2022 215 $a1 online resource (211 pages) 311 08$aPrint version: Lecheler, Stefan Computational Fluid Dynamics Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH,c2022 9783658384524 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aIntro -- Preface -- Symbol directory -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Aim of This Book -- 1.2 Tasks of the Numerical Flow Calculation -- 1.3 Structure of the Book -- 2: Conservation Equations of Fluid Mechanics -- 2.1 Aim of This Chapter -- 2.2 Derivation of the Conservation Equations -- 2.2.1 Equation of Conservation of Mass -- 2.2.2 Conservation of Momentum Equations -- 2.2.3 Conservation of Energy Equation -- 2.3 Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.3.1 Complete Navier-Stokes Equations -- Navier-Stokes Equations in Scalar Form (Cartesian Coordinates) -- Navier-Stokes Equations in Vector Form (Cartesian Coordinates) -- Navier-Stokes Equations in Divergence Form -- 2.3.2 Additionally Required Equations and Quantities -- 2.3.3 The Substance Values -- Boundary Conditions -- Physical Boundary Conditions at the Inflow Edge -- Physical Boundary Conditions at the Downstream Edge -- Physical Boundary Conditions at the Solid State Boundary -- Non-Reflective Boundary Conditions -- Summary of Boundary Conditions -- 2.3.4 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.3.5 Turbulence Models -- 2.4 Simplification Possibilities -- 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Thin-Layer Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.4.3 Euler Equations -- 2.4.4 Boundary Layer Equations -- 2.4.5 Potential Equation -- 3: Discretization of the Conservation Equations -- 3.1 Aim of This Chapter -- 3.2 What Does Discretization Mean? -- 3.3 Spatial Discretization -- 3.3.1 Discretization of the First Derivatives -- 3.3.2 Discretization of the Second Derivatives -- 3.3.3 Notes on Spatial Discretization -- 3.4 Time Discretization -- 3.4.1 Time Asymptotic or Stationary Solutions -- 3.4.2 Time-Accurate or Transient Solutions -- 3.5 Difference Equations -- 3.5.1 Derivation -- 3.5.2 Consistency, Stability and Convergence -- Consistency -- Stability -- Convergence -- 3.5.3 Additive Numerical Viscosity. 327 $a3.5.4 Upwind Discretization -- 3.5.5 Explicit and Implicit Discretization -- 3.5.6 CFL Number -- 3.5.7 Summary -- 4: Computational Meshes -- 4.1 Aim of This Chapter -- 4.2 Overview -- 4.3 Structured Meshes -- 4.3.1 Cartesian Meshe -- 4.3.2 Curvilinear Meshes -- 4.3.3 The Transformation of Coordinates into Curvilinear Coordinates -- 4.3.4 Block Structured Meshe -- 4.4 Unstructured Meshe -- 4.5 Mesh Adaptation -- 4.5.1 Mesh Densification -- 4.5.2 Adaptive Meshe -- 5: Solution Methods -- 5.1 Aim of This Chapter -- 5.2 Overview -- 5.3 Central Methods -- 5.3.1 Overview -- 5.3.2 Lax-Wendroff Method -- 5.3.3 Runge-Kutta Multi-Step Method -- 5.3.4 ADI Method -- 5.4 Upwind Methods -- 5.4.1 Overview -- 5.4.2 Flux Vector Splitting Method -- 5.4.3 Flux Difference Splitting Method -- 5.4.4 Summary -- 5.5 High-Resolution Methods -- 5.5.1 Overview -- 5.5.2 Monotonicity, TVD and Entropy Condition -- 5.5.3 Limiter Functions -- 5.5.4 Summary -- 5.6 Comparison of the Methods -- 5.6.1 Stationary Flow Through a Divergent Nozzle -- 5.6.2 Unsteady Flow in a Shock Wave Tube -- 6: Typical Workflow of a Numerical Flow Calculation -- 6.1 Aim of This Chapter -- 6.2 Overview -- 6.3 Generation of the Calculation Area (Geometry) -- 6.4 Generation of the Mesh (Meshing) -- 6.5 Preparation of the Flow Calculation (Setup) -- 6.6 Flow Calculation (Solution) -- 6.7 Evaluation (Results) -- 6.8 Validation -- 6.9 Introduction to the Exercise Examples -- 6.10 The ANSYS WORKBENCH Working Environment -- 7: Example Airfoil Flow -- 7.1 Generation of the Calculation Area (Geometry) -- 7.2 Generation of the Mesh (Meshing) -- 7.2.1 Starting the MESHING Program and Creating a Standard Mesh -- 7.2.2 Refinement of the Computational Mesh on the Profile -- 7.2.3 Associative Naming of the Boundaries -- 7.2.4 Exiting the MESHING Program -- 7.3 Preparation of the Flow Calculation (Setup). 327 $a7.3.1 Starting the CFX-PRE Program -- 7.3.2 Definition of the Calculation Parameters -- 7.3.3 Definition of the Physical Boundary Conditions -- 7.3.4 Inflow Boundary -- 7.3.5 Outflow Boundary -- 7.3.6 Solid Boundary -- 7.3.7 Symmetry Planes -- 7.3.8 Periodic Boundary Conditions -- 7.3.9 Exiting the CFX-PRE Program -- 7.4 Calculation of the Flow (Solution) -- 7.4.1 Starting the CFX-SOLVER Program -- 7.4.2 Monitoring Convergence Behaviour -- 7.4.3 Exiting the CFX-SOLVER Program -- 7.5 Evaluation (Results) -- 7.5.1 Starting the CFD-POST Program -- 7.5.2 Generation of Isoline Images -- 7.5.3 Vector Image Creation -- 7.5.4 Streamline Image Generation -- 7.5.5 Generation of Diagrams -- 7.5.6 Calculation of Integral Values -- 7.5.7 Preparation of a Report -- 7.5.8 Exiting the CFD-POST Program -- 8: Example Internal Pipe Flow -- 8.1 Generation of the Calculation Area (Geometry) -- 8.1.1 Importing a CAD File -- 8.1.2 Generation of the Computational Domain with the Program DESIGN MODELER -- 8.2 Generation of the Mesh (Meshing) -- 8.2.1 Starting the MESHING Program and Creating a Standard Mesh -- 8.2.2 Refinement of the Mesh on the Pipe Walls -- 8.2.3 Associative Naming of the Boundaries -- 8.2.4 Exiting the MESHING Program -- 8.3 Preparation of the Flow Calculation (Setup) -- 8.3.1 Starting the CFX-PRE Program -- 8.3.2 Definition of the Calculation Parameters -- 8.3.3 Definition of the Physical Boundary Conditions -- 8.3.4 Inflow Rim in Front -- 8.3.5 Inflow Rim Top -- 8.3.6 Outflow Boundary -- 8.3.7 Solid Boundary -- 8.3.8 Symmetry Plane -- 8.3.9 Exiting the CFX-PRE Program -- 8.4 Calculation of the Flow (Solution) -- 8.4.1 Starting the CFX-SOLVER Program -- 8.4.2 Monitoring Convergence Behaviour -- 8.4.3 Exiting the CFX-SOLVER Program -- 8.5 Evaluation (Results) -- 8.5.1 Starting the CFD-POST Program -- 8.5.2 Generation of Isoline Images. 327 $a8.5.3 Vector Image Creation -- 8.5.4 Streamline Image Generation -- 8.5.5 Exiting the CFD-POST Program -- 9: Example Double Tube Heat Exchanger -- 9.1 Generation of the Calculation Area (Geometry) -- 9.2 Generation of the Mesh (Meshing) -- 9.2.1 Starting the MESHING Program and Creating a Standard Mesh -- 9.2.2 Refinement of the Mesh on the Pipe Walls -- 9.2.3 Associative Naming of the Border Areas -- 9.2.4 Exiting the MESHING Program -- 9.3 Preparation of the Flow Calculation (Setup) -- 9.3.1 Starting the CFX-PRE Program -- 9.3.2 Definition of the Calculation Parameters -- 9.3.3 Definition of the Physical Boundary Conditions -- 9.3.4 Inflow Boundaries for Fluid Inside and Fluid Outside -- 9.3.5 Outlet Boundaries for Fluid Inside and Fluid Outside -- 9.3.6 Solid Boundaries for Fluid Outer and Tube End Faces -- 9.3.7 Symmetry Planes for Fluid Inside, Fluid Outside and Pipe -- 9.3.8 Interface Planes Between Fluid and Pipe -- 9.3.9 Exiting the CFX-PRE Program -- 9.4 Calculation of the Flow (Solution) -- 9.4.1 Starting the CFX-Solver Program -- 9.4.2 Monitoring Convergence Behaviour -- 9.4.3 Exiting the CFX-Solver Program -- 9.5 Evaluation (Results) -- 9.5.1 Starting the CFD-POST Program -- 9.5.2 Generation of Isoline Images -- 9.5.3 Vector Image Creation -- 9.5.4 Generation of Diagrams -- 10: Example Parameter Variation -- Answers to the Target Control -- Answers to Sect. 2.1 Conservation Equations of Fluid Mechanics -- Answers to Sect. 3.1 Discretization of the Conservation Equations -- Answers to Sect. 4.1 Computational Meshes -- Answers to Sect. 5.1 Solution Methods -- Answers to Sect. 6.1 Typical Workflow of a Numerical Flow Calculation -- References -- Index. 606 $aComputational fluid dynamics 615 0$aComputational fluid dynamics. 676 $a620.1064 700 $aLecheler$b Stefan$01271973 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 912 $a9910634038603321 996 $aComputational Fluid Dynamics$92996358 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05418nam 2200973 450 001 9910798535803321 005 20230125200444.0 010 $a1-63157-547-3 035 $a(CKB)3710000000769107 035 $a(BEP)4612326 035 $a(OCoLC)955878591 035 $a(CaBNVSL)swl00406775 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4612326 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4612326 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11238975 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL942080 035 $a(OCoLC)956646278 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000769107 100 $a20160805d2016 fy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aHealth financing without deficits $ereform that sidesteps political gridlock /$fPhilip J. Romero and Randy S. Miller 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aNew York, New York (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017) :$cBusiness Expert Press,$d2016. 215 $a1 online resource (xiii, 123 pages) 225 1 $aEconomics collection,$x2163-7628 311 $a1-63157-546-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 117-118) and index. 327 $aPart I. The economy's vampire: health care -- 1. Health care, deficits, and the economy -- 2. The absent free market -- 3. The economy's vampire -- Part II. Three generations of reform proposals -- 4. The new deal and its progenitors -- 5. World War II, tax deductibility, and the Fair Deal -- 6. Medicare and Medicaid -- 7. Hillarycare and its progeny -- Part III. What is wrong with Democratic and Republican plans -- 8. 2016 plans -- Part IV. The key problems in American health policy -- 9. Problem I, unlimited demand due to third party payment -- 10. Problem II, high costs = poor access -- 11. Problem III, the health cartel -- 12. Obamacare -- 13. The shadow of 2018 -- Part V. A nonpartisan health financing alternative: HIRB -- 14. Bending the curve on funding health-care cost -- 15. Financing basics -- 16. HIRB and public policy -- 17. Why HIRB works -- 18. HIRB's robustness over a range of interest rates -- 19. A health insurance requisite -- 20. Summation -- 21. HIRB's versatility -- Part VI. Conclusion -- 22. What Democrats get wrong about health reform -- 23. What Republicans get wrong about health reform -- 24. The path to a sustainable health system -- Glossary -- Notes -- Bibliography -- For more about HIRB -- Index. 330 3 $aAmerica's health system has been a polarizing issue in most presidential campaigns in our lifetimes. It is hardly surprising that an industry that consumes nearly one in every five dollars spent in the U.S. economy has loomed over our politics. Its only competition in the last few decades was the nuclear standoff with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It will be prominent again in 2016 and beyond. This book will guide you through the fusillade of charges, and promises, you will hear in political campaigns about health care and "reform." They will occur now that the fiscal calamity of Boomer retirement is no longer a threat: it is here. For all the attention Social Security receives, Medicare is the truly scary entitlement program, with unfunded liabilities many times larger. This book also offers a powerful tool of reform. The Health Insurance Revenue Bond (HIRB) is a new and completely self-liquidating financing approach that fully funds escalating liabilities such as health care-- without deficits. If you can't bend the curve on health costs, bend the curve on the cost of funding. The HIRB program can assist governments in developed nations to begin the long and painful process of deleveraging. 410 0$aEconomics collection.$x2163-7628 606 $aHealth care reform$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aMedical policy$xEconomic aspects$zUnited States 606 $aMedical care, Cost of$zUnited States 606 $aHealth Care Reform$xeconomics$zUnited States 606 $aHealth Policy$xeconomics$zUnited States 606 $aHealth Care Costs$zUnited States 610 $a2016 campaign 610 $aACA 610 $aAffordable Care Act 610 $abending the cost curve 610 $abond 610 $adeficit 610 $adeleveraging 610 $afinancing 610 $ahealth care 610 $ahealth finance 610 $ahealth policy 610 $ahealth reform 610 $ahealth security 610 $aHIRB 610 $ainflation 610 $aliabilities 610 $aMedicaid 610 $amedical inflation 610 $aMedicare 610 $amunicipal bond 610 $aOPEBs 610 $aother post employment benefits 610 $apensions 610 $apolitics 610 $apost retirement benefits 610 $apresidential campaign 610 $arevenue bond 610 $astates 615 0$aHealth care reform$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aMedical policy$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aMedical care, Cost of 615 2$aHealth Care Reform$xeconomics 615 2$aHealth Policy$xeconomics 615 2$aHealth Care Costs 676 $a362.10973 700 $aRomero$b Philip J.$01491817 702 $aMiller$b Randy S. 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910798535803321 996 $aHealth financing without deficits$93713850 997 $aUNINA