LEADER 05942oam 22006975 450 001 9910797643803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-4648-0617-9 024 7 $a10.1596/978-1-4648-0616-2 035 $a(CKB)3710000000483673 035 $a(EBL)4403124 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001592999 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16289249 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001592999 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14875075 035 $a(PQKB)11393933 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16505723 035 $a(PQKB)22375545 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4403124 035 $a(DLC) 2016299612 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4403124 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11155901 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL838554 035 $a(OCoLC)922925623 035 $a(The World Bank)210616 035 $a(US-djbf)210616 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000483673 100 $a20020129d2015 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 14$aThe Economics of Health Professional Education and Careers : $eInsights from a Literature Review. /$fMcPake, Barbara 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cThe World Bank,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (88 pages) 300 $a"A World Bank study." 311 $a1-4648-0616-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aFront Cover ; Contents; Acknowledgments; Executive Summary; Abbreviation; Chapter 1 Introduction; Chapter 2 Historical Trends and Globalization; Chapter 3 Specialty Choice among Health Professionals and Its Health Labor Market Determinants; Trends in Specialty Preference; Student Characteristics; Specialty Characteristics; School Characteristics; Notes; Chapter 4 The Value of Health Professional Education; Alternative Cadres; Estimated Rates of Return to Health Professional Education; Chapter 5 The Market for Health Professional Education 327 $aLinked Markets: Health Professional Education and Health CarePrivatization of Health Professional Education in LMICs; Notes; Chapter 6 Discussion; Research Implications; Policy Implications; Appendix A Literature Search Strategy; Appendix B Coverage of the Literature in Relation to Private and Social Perspectives on the Rate of Return; Appendix C Estimates of Private Rates of Return and Net Present Value; References; Boxes; 1.1 Market Failures in Health Worker Labor Markets; 3.1 Effect of General Practitioners' Reimbursement on Supply in the United Kingdom 327 $a5.1 How Demographics and Positioning of the Nursing Profession Can Interrelate, Israel5.2 Market Failure in Nepal; Figures; 1.1 The Interaction between Education Systems, Labor Markets, and Health Systems; 3.1 The Bland-Meurer Model of Primary Care Career Choice for Physicians; B3.1.1a Proportion of Graduating Cohorts in U.K. Medical Schools Choosing General Practice; B3.1.1b General Practitioners' Annual Income; 4.1 The Hours-adjusted Internal Rate of Return on Additional Training for Five Surgical Specialties and Primary Care Medicine 327 $a5.1 Interrelationships between Health Professional Job Market and Health Professional Education Market5.2 Founding Dates of Medical Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa by Sector; Tables; A.1 Search Terms; A.2 MESH Terms; Back Cover 330 3 $aThe formation of health professionals is critical for the health system to function and to achieve its universal health coverage (UHC) goals, and this is well recognized by the majority of governments that plan to ensure enough training places and aim to regulate in order to ensure quality. But the importance of market forces is often overlooked, resulting in interventions and regulations that often fail to achieve their intended effects. This publication aims to inform the design of health professionals' education policies to better manage health labor market forces toward UHC. It documents what is known about the influence of market forces on the health-professional formation process. The report sought to answer the following questions:- What have been the large global and regional trends in the development of health professions? - How have these trends affected the career decisions of current and potential health professionals? - What is the evidence base on the value and effectiveness of health professional education of different types? - How has the market for health professional education evolved, and with what interrelationships with the health labor and health care markets? The contexts of the market for health professional training have been subject to important changes in recent decades, in particular: the growing extent of employment of mid-level cadres of health professionals; changes in technology and the associated growth of high skilled occupations; the increasing interconnectedness of national health systems through globalization, with its implications for international health professional mobility; and the greater complexity of the public-private mix in employment options. There is a need to ensure that market forces align with the intentions of planning and regulation and the needs of UHC goals. This publication provides recommendations to support the design of policies that help to achieve these. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aMedical personnel$xEconomic conditions$y21st century 606 $aMedical education$xEconomic aspects 606 $aMedical policy 615 0$aMedical personnel$xEconomic conditions 615 0$aMedical education$xEconomic aspects. 615 0$aMedical policy. 700 $aMcPake$b Barbara$0630307 702 $aSquires$b Allison 702 $aMahat$b Agya 702 $aAraujo$b Edson 801 0$bDJBF 801 1$bDJBF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910797643803321 996 $aThe Economics of Health Professional Education and Careers$93736430 997 $aUNINA