LEADER 08538oam 22015494 450 001 9910797148503321 005 20230807215426.0 010 $a1-4843-2672-5 010 $a1-4843-2651-2 035 $a(CKB)3710000000410651 035 $a(EBL)2040153 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001540808 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11902672 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001540808 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11534349 035 $a(PQKB)10913085 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC2040153 035 $a(IMF)1WAUEE2015002 035 $a(IMF)1WAUEA2015002 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000410651 100 $a20020129d2015 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aWest African Economic and Monetary Union : $eSelected Issues 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2015. 215 $a1 online resource (108 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Staff Country Reports 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-6759-6 327 $aCover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; BOX; FIGURES; FIGURES; FIGURES; TABLES; BOX; FIGURES; BOXES; FIGURES; BOXES; FIGURES; TABLES; A. External Sector Developments; 1. Recent Developments; 2. Outlook; 1. Growth and Fiscal Consolidation Scenario; B. Exchange Rate Assessment; 3. Exchange Rate Assessment; C. Reserve Adequacy; 4. Foreign Exchange Coverage; 5. NFA-Commercial Banks; 6. Reserve Adequacy; D. Non-Price Competitiveness; 7. Doing Business; References; EXTERNAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT; A. Introduction; 1. Developments in Commercial Banks' Balance Sheets; B. Possible Causes 327 $a2. Fiscal and External Imbalances3. Interest Rates; C. Risks; 4. Interbank Market Activity by Maturity; D. Policy Options; DEVELOPMENTS IN CENTRAL BANK LIQUIDITY PROVISION: A HARBINGER OF WIDER MACROFINANCIAL RISKS IN THE WAEMU?; A. Benchmarking Financial Access; 1. WAEMU: Financial Access; 2. Demographical Characteristics of Financial Access; 3. Deposit and Payment Modes; 4. Use of Loans; 5. Firms; B. Explaining Private Sector Credit Gaps; 6. Drivers of the Financial Gap; 7. Credit to the Private Sector; 1. Determinants of Financial Inclusiveness Gaps, 2004-2013 327 $aC. Identifying the Most Binding Constraints to Firms' Financial Inclusion2. WAEMU: Target Moments; 8. Lowering Participation Costs; 9. Lowering the Cost of Intermediation; 10. Lowering Collateral Constraints; References; FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN THE WAEMU; A. Introduction; 1. The WAEMU's Market for Mobile Payments; 2. Provider if Mobile Payments in the WAEMU; 3. Mobile Banking Across Demographical Groups, 2011; B. Possible Impediments to Mobile Payments in the WAEMU; 4. Number of Bank and Remittance Partners; 5. Transaction Cost for Selected Providers 327 $a6. Mobile Service Provided in the WAEMU, Kenya and Tanzania1. Kenya's M-PESA Experience (based on IMF, 2012; C. Oversight Issues in Mobile Payments; D. Main Conclusions; References; MOBILE PAYMENTS IN THE WAEMU; A. Growth, Volatility and Productivity; 1. Growth and Volatility; 2. Productivity; B. Recent Trends in the Structure of Output and Exports; 3. Output Diversification; 1. Export Diversification and Quality; 4. Export Product and Partner Diversification; 5. Export Quality; 6. Gains from Structural Transformation, Diversification and Quality Upgrading 327 $aC. Fostering Growth through Structural Transformation and Diversification2. Reforms which foster Structural Transformation; 3. The Role of Agriculture in Structural Transformation; D. Demographic Trends and Employment; 7. Demographics; 4. The Demographic Dividend; References; GROWTH, STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION, AND DIVERSIFICATION IN THE WAEMU; A. Introduction; 1. Stylized Facts: Trade within ECOWAS; B. Stylized Facts on Trade and Tariffs within WAEMU and ECOWAS; 1: Structure of ECOWAS and WAEMU CET; C. Partial Equilibrium Effects of Changes in the Tariff Structure 327 $a2. Price Elasticities of Imports - Individual Countries 330 3 $aThis Selected Issues paper on West African Economic and Monetary Union presents external stability assessment report. The current account deficit declined in 2014. Although gross international reserve coverage has increased slightly, part of the current account deficit has been financed by a decline in commercial banks? net foreign assets. Contingent on the implementation of government?s consolidation plans, and helped by a favorable oil price outlook, the current account deficit would further gradually decline and be matched by enough financial inflows in the medium term. According to various metrics, the real exchange rate appears to be broadly aligned with fundamentals. International reserve coverage should increase to provide stronger buffers against immediate short-term risks. Structural competitiveness and investment efficiency improvements will be essential to ensure that the planned large investment programs translate into growth and export gains as well as increased private inflows into the region. 410 0$aIMF Staff Country Reports; Country Report ;$vNo. 2015/101 606 $aEconomic development 606 $aInternational Monetary Fund 606 $aFinance$2HILCC 606 $aBusiness & Economics$2HILCC 606 $aInternational Finance$2HILCC 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aIndustries: Financial Services$2imf 606 $aDemography$2imf 606 $aTrade: General$2imf 606 $aMonetary Systems$2imf 606 $aStandards$2imf 606 $aRegimes$2imf 606 $aGovernment and the Monetary System$2imf 606 $aPayment Systems$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aTrade Policy$2imf 606 $aInternational Trade Organizations$2imf 606 $aCurrent Account Adjustment$2imf 606 $aShort-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aComputer applications in industry & technology$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aMobile banking$2imf 606 $aImports$2imf 606 $aTariffs$2imf 606 $aPopulation and demographics$2imf 606 $aCommercial banks$2imf 606 $aTechnology$2imf 606 $aInternational trade$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aFinancial institutions$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking, Mobile$2imf 606 $aTariff$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments$2imf 607 $aFrance$2imf 615 4$aEconomic development. 615 4$aInternational Monetary Fund. 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aBusiness & Economics 615 7$aInternational Finance 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aIndustries: Financial Services 615 7$aDemography 615 7$aTrade: General 615 7$aMonetary Systems 615 7$aStandards 615 7$aRegimes 615 7$aGovernment and the Monetary System 615 7$aPayment Systems 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aTrade Policy 615 7$aInternational Trade Organizations 615 7$aCurrent Account Adjustment 615 7$aShort-term Capital Movements 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aComputer applications in industry & technology 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aMobile banking 615 7$aImports 615 7$aTariffs 615 7$aPopulation and demographics 615 7$aCommercial banks 615 7$aTechnology 615 7$aInternational trade 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aBanks and banking, Mobile 615 7$aTariff 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aBalance of payments 676 $a332.152 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910797148503321 996 $aWest African Economic and Monetary Union$93751542 997 $aUNINA