LEADER 02703oam 2200433 450 001 9910795516903321 005 20230809235824.0 010 $a3-8325-9259-8 035 $a(CKB)5120000000117387 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6480959 035 $a5c7aad7d-5480-4e7a-8f9d-7583b0dd2d03 035 $a(EXLCZ)995120000000117387 100 $a20210710d2017 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aSoftware clones $eguilty until proven innocent? /$fJan Harder 210 1$aBerlin, Germany :$cLogos Verlag Berlin,$d[2017] 210 4$d©2017 215 $a1 online resource (252 pages) $cillustrations 300 $aPublicationDate: 20171211 311 $a3-8325-4588-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 330 $aLong description: Software systems contain redundant code that originated from the use of copy and paste. While such cloning may be beneficial in the short term as it accelerates development, it is frequently despised as a risk to maintainability and quality in the long term. Code clones are said to cause extra change effort, because changes have to be propagated to all copies. They are also suspected to cause bugs when the copied code fragments are changed inconsistently. These accusations may be plausible but are not based on empirical facts. Indeed, they are prejudice. In the recent past, science has started the endeavor to find empirical evidence to support the alleged effects of clones. In this thesis, we analyze the effects of clones from three different perspectives. First, we investigate whether clones do indeed increase the maintenance effort in real and long lived software systems. Second, we analyze potential reasons for the cases where clones do cause bugs. Third, we take a new perspective to the problem by measuring the effects of clones in a controlled experiment. This allows us to gather new insights by observing software developers during their work, whereas previous studies were based on historical data. With our work we aim to empirically find advice for practitioners how to deal with clones and, if necessary, to provide an empirical basis for tools that help developers to manage clones. 606 $aSoftware engineering 606 $aComputer programmers 615 0$aSoftware engineering. 615 0$aComputer programmers. 676 $a005.12 700 $aHarder$b Jan$01468235 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bUtOrBLW 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910795516903321 996 $aSoftware clones$93679307 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04489nam 2200613Ia 450 001 9910784571103321 005 20230120004601.0 010 $a1-281-11914-8 010 $a9786611119140 010 $a0-08-054867-9 035 $a(CKB)1000000000363928 035 $a(EBL)305605 035 $a(OCoLC)476083438 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000192369 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11179180 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000192369 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10186943 035 $a(PQKB)10731609 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL305605 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10188239 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL111914 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC305605 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000363928 100 $a20070814d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLight scattering by particles in water$b[electronic resource] $etheoretical and experimental foundations /$fMiroslaw Jonasz, Georges Fournier 210 $aLondon, UK $cAcademic Press$d2007 215 $a1 online resource (715 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-388751-8 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [611]-681) and indexes. 327 $aCover; Table of Contents; Preface; Chapter 1 Basic principles of the interaction of light with matter; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. The quantum field model; 1.3. Basic quantum electrodynamics; 1.4. Incoherent scattering; 1.5. Coherent scattering; 1.6. Basic scattering formalism; 1.7. The diffraction approximation; 1.8. Conclusion; 1.9. Problems; Chapter 2 Optical properties of pure water, seawater, and natural waters; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. Physical properties and the intermolecular potential; 2.3. Radiative properties and the intramolecular potential; 2.4. The intrinsic scattering of pure water 327 $a2.5. Measurements of the absorption of pure water2.6. Analysis of the infrared and visible absorption spectrum; 2.7. Analysis of the UV absorption spectrum; 2.8. Organic substances dissolved in the water column: Gelbstoff; 2.9. An important special case: chlorophyll; 2.10. Problems; Chapter 3 General features of scattering of light by particles in water; 3.1. Introduction; 3.2. An inventory of solutions; 3.3. Basic structures in scattering; 3.4. Oceanic phase function approximations; 3.5. Basic experimental comparison; 3.6. Conclusions; 3.7. Problems 327 $aChapter 4 Measurements of light scattering by particles in water4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Scattering function; 4.3. Polarized light scattering: the scattering matrix; 4.4. Light scattering data for natural waters; 4.5. Approximations of the volume scattering function; 4.6. Problems; Chapter 5 The particle size distribution; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. The particle size definitions and the particle shape; 5.3. Definition and units; 5.4. An optimum particle size grid; 5.5. Transforming the size distribution; 5.6. Uncertainty of the PSD measurements; 5.7. Methods of PSD measurements 327 $a5.8. Aquatic PSD data5.9. Problems; Chapter 6 Refractive indices and morphologies of aquatic particles; 6.1. The refractive index: introductory remarks; 6.2. Refractive index of water and seawater; 6.3. Refractive indices of particles; 6.4. Morphologies of aquatic particles; 6.5. Problems; Appendix; Bibliography; List of major symbols and abbreviations; Index 330 $a Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with 606 $aLight$xScattering 606 $aWater$xOptical properties 615 0$aLight$xScattering. 615 0$aWater$xOptical properties. 676 $a535.43 700 $aJonasz$b Miroslaw$01584267 701 $aFournier$b G$g(Georges)$058772 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910784571103321 996 $aLight scattering by particles in water$93867932 997 $aUNINA