LEADER 03630oam 22004815 450 001 9910793493303321 005 20190507142909.0 010 $a1-4648-1364-7 024 7 $a10.1596/978-1-4648-1363-4 035 $a(CKB)4100000007741512 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5716603 035 $a(The World Bank)211363 035 $a(US-djbf)211363 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000007741512 100 $a20020129d2019 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aBeyond the Gap : $eHow Countries Can Afford the Infrastructure They Need while Protecting the Planet 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cThe World Bank,$d2019. 215 $a1 online resource (196 pages) 225 1 $aSustainable Infrastructure. 311 $a1-4648-1363-9 327 $aOverview -- Making infrastructure needs assessments useful and relevant -- Water, sanitation, and irrigation -- Power -- Transport -- Flood protection -- Infrastructure and disruptive technologies. 330 3 $aBeyond the Gap: How Countries Can Afford the Infrastructure They Need while Protecting the Planet aims to shift the debate regarding investment needs away from a simple focus on spending more and toward a focus on spending better on the right objectives, using relevant metrics. It does so by offering a careful and systematic approach to estimating the funding needs to close the service gaps in water and sanitation, transportation, electricity, irrigation, and flood protection. Exploring thousands of scenarios, this report finds that funding needs depend on the service goals and policy choices of low- and middle-income countries and could range anywhere from 2 percent to 8 percent of GDP per year by 2030.Beyond the Gap also identifies a policy mix that will enable countries to achieve key international goals-universal access to water, sanitation, and electricity; greater mobility; improved food security; better protection from floods; and eventual full decarbonization-while limiting spending on new infrastructure to 4.5 percent of GDP per year. Importantly, the exploration of thousands of scenarios shows that infrastructure investment paths compatible with full decarbonization in the second half of the century need not cost more than more-polluting alternatives. Investment needs remain at 2 percent to 8 percent of GDP even when only the decarbonized scenarios are examined. The actual amount depends on the quality and quantity of services targeted, the timing of investments, construction costs, and complementary policies.Finally, investing in infrastructure is not enough; maintaining it also matters. Improving services requires much more than capital expenditure. Ensuring a steady flow of resources for operations and maintenance is a necessary condition for success. Good maintenance also generates substantial savings by reducing the total life-cycle cost of transport and water and sanitation infrastructure by more than 50 percent. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aInfrastructure (Economics)$zDeveloping countries 606 $aSustainable development$xCost effectiveness 607 $aDeveloping countries$2fast 615 0$aInfrastructure (Economics) 615 0$aSustainable development$xCost effectiveness. 676 $a338.90091724 700 $aRozenberg$b Julie$01546307 702 $aRoxenberg$b Julie 702 $aFay$b Marianne 801 0$bDJBF 801 1$bDJBF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910793493303321 996 $aBeyond the Gap$93801808 997 $aUNINA