LEADER 05998oam 22006015 450 001 9910793094903321 005 20230126215301.0 010 $a1-4648-1061-3 024 7 $a10.1596/978-1-4648-1060-2 035 $a(CKB)3710000001391304 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4868569 035 $a(The World Bank)211060 035 $a(US-djbf)211060 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000001391304 100 $a20020129d2017 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aToward More Efficient and Effective Public Social Spending in Central America /$fPablo Acosta 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cThe World Bank,$d2017. 215 $a1 online resource (146 pages) 225 1 $aDirections in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development 311 $a1-4648-1060-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aFront Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Overview; Main Findings; Main Recommendations; Note; Chapter 1 Introduction; Notes; Chapter 2 Context: Progress and Opportunities for Human Development in Central America; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Recent Trends in Social Spending across the Region and Sectors, 2007-14; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Coverage and Targeting; Education Coverage and Targeting; Health Care Coverage and Targeting; Social Protection and Labor Coverage and Targeting; Notes; References 327 $aChapter 5 Effectiveness and Efficiency of Public Social Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Education Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Health Services; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Social Protection and Labor Spending; Cost-Effectiveness of Public Spending: Relating Spending to Outcome; Notes; References; Chapter 6 Selected Institutional and Governance Arrangements in the Social Sectors; Education; Health; Social Protection and Labor; Note; References; Chapter 7 Policy Recommendations; Education; Health; Social Protection and Labor; Cross-Sectoral and Cross-Regional Messages 327 $aNotesReferences; Appendix A Survey Sources, by Country; Boxes; Box 4.1 Expanding Health Coverage in Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Panama through Mobile Teams; Box 5.1 Politics Matter-Strong Teachers' Unions Often Fight Changes; Box 5.2 Challenges Posed by NCDs to the Costa Rican Health System; Box 5.3 Impact of Avancemos CCT in Costa Rica; Box 5.4 The Experience of the Red de Proteccio?n Social CCT in Nicaragua; Box 5.5 The Experience of the PATI in El Salvador; Box 5.6 Public Sector Performance (PSP) and Public Sector Efficiency (PSE) Indicators; Figures 327 $aFigure 1.1 Government Revenue Compared with GDP per Capita, 2014Figure 1.2 Changes in Revenue and Fiscal Balance (Deficit or Surplus), 2007-14; Figure 2.1 GDP per Capita, 2000-14; Figure 2.2 Poverty Rates, 2005-14; Figure 2.3 Inequality (Gini Coefficient), 2004-14; Figure 2.4 Distribution of Youth, 15-18 Years Old, by Activity (2014 or Most Recent Year); Figure 2.5 Distribution of Youth, by Activity and Income Quintile (2012 or Most Recent Year); Figure 3.1 Social Expenditure as a Share of GDP, 2007-14; Figure 3.2 Per Capita Social Public Expenditure, by Sector, 2012 or Latest Year Available 327 $aFigure 3.3 Budget Execution, by Sector, 2007-14; Figure 3.4 Social Spending as a Share of Total Public Spending in the Subregion, 2007-14; Figure 3.5 Primary Public Expenditure per Pupil as a Share of GDP per Capita Compared with GDP per Capita; Figure 3.6 Secondary Public Expenditure per Pupil as a Share of GDP per Capita Compared with GDP per Capita; Figure 3.7 Public Spending, by Educational Level, as a Share of Education Public Spending in the Subregion, 2014; Figure 3.8 Preprimary and Primary Public Education Spending in the Subregion, 2007-14 330 3 $aCentral America has come a long way both in terms of economic and political stability. Increasingly the region is focusing on implementing productivity-enhancing reforms as well as supporting reductions in poverty and inequality. This report analyzes recent trends in public social spending in Central America from 2007 to 2014, conducts international benchmarking, examines measures of the effectiveness and efficiency of social spending, and discusses the quality of selected institutions influencing this spending. We examine total social spending, as well as detailing its four components: public spending on the education, health, and social protection and labor (SPL) sectors. In analyzing public social spending, the report addresses three crucial policy issues: (a) how to improve the coverage and redistributional incidence of public social spending; (b) how to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of public social spending; and (c) how to strengthen the institutions governing public spending in the social sector. While based heavily on a series of recent analytical social spending studies in six countries in the subregion-Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama-this report also takes a broader regional perspective and includes some comparisons to countries in other regions. 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aCost Effectivity 606 $aEfficiency 606 $aIncidence Analysis 606 $aInstitutional Development 606 $aSocial Spending 607 $aCentral America$xSocial conditions 615 4$aCost Effectivity 615 4$aEfficiency 615 4$aIncidence Analysis 615 4$aInstitutional Development 615 4$aSocial Spending 676 $a301.32 700 $aAcosta$b Pablo$01535431 702 $aAcosta$b Pablo 801 0$bDJBF 801 1$bDJBF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910793094903321 996 $aToward More Efficient and Effective Public Social Spending in Central America$93783645 997 $aUNINA