LEADER 03013nam 2200589 450 001 9910790928303321 005 20230803221224.0 010 $a1-4438-5942-7 035 $a(CKB)2550000001272836 035 $a(EBL)1676276 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001215668 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11976704 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001215668 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11178849 035 $a(PQKB)11785995 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1676276 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1676276 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10860013 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL594960 035 $a(OCoLC)877039291 035 $a(FINmELB)ELB148519 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000001272836 100 $a20140423h20142014 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aGoing soft? the US and China go global /$fedited by Priscilla Roberts ; contributors Cao Songqin [and thirty eight others] 210 1$aNewcastle upon Tyne, England :$cCambridge Scholars Publishing,$d2014. 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (638 p.) 300 $aIncludes index. 311 $a1-4438-5668-1 311 $a1-306-63709-0 327 $aTABLE OF CONTENTS; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS; LIST OF TABLES; PREFACE; INTRODUCTION; PART I; CHAPTER ONE; CHAPTER TWO; CHAPTER THREE; CHAPTER FOUR; CHAPTER FIVE; CHAPTER SIX; CHAPTER SEVEN; PART II; CHAPTER EIGHT; CHAPTER NINE; CHAPTER TEN; CHAPTER ELEVEN; CHAPTER TWELVE; CHAPTER THIRTEEN; CHAPTER FOURTEEN; CHAPTER FIFTEEN; CHAPTER SIXTEEN; PART III; CHAPTER SEVENTEEN; CHAPTER EIGHTEEN; CHAPTER NINETEEN; CHAPTER TWENTY; CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE; CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO; CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE; CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR; CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE; CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX; CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN; CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT; PART IV 327 $aCHAPTER TWENTY-NINE CHAPTER THIRTY; CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE; CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO; CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE; CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR; CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE; CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX; CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN; CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT; CONTRIBUTORS; INDEX 330 $aWhat is ""soft power""? How can a country acquire and enjoy it? Is it the product of public or private initiatives? How significant is ""soft power"" in world affairs? The concept of ""soft power,"" the idea that international success depends not just upon weaponry, force, and military coercion, but also on admiration and respect for a country's culture and way of life, is winning ever-greater global attention. As China enjoys ever-increasing heft on the global scene, many Chinese officials seek t... 606 $aGlobalization$zChina 606 $aInternational economic relations 615 0$aGlobalization 615 0$aInternational economic relations. 676 $a303.48251 702 $aRoberts$b Priscilla 702 $aSongqin$b Cao 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910790928303321 996 $aGoing soft? the US and China go global$93772970 997 $aUNINA LEADER 01598nam 2200529 450 001 9910797613003321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-12-803715-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000000493260 035 $a(EBL)4042677 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001586879 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)16270239 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001586879 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)14869477 035 $a(PQKB)10679220 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4042677 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11117791 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL843806 035 $a(OCoLC)926101289 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4042677 035 $a(PPN)193662833 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000493260 100 $a20151119h20162016 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aComputational immunology $emodels and tools /$fedited by Josep Bassaganya-Riera ; contributors Vida Abedi [and eighteen others] 210 1$aAmsterdam, [Netherlands] :$cAcademic Press,$d2016. 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (212 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-803697-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 606 $aImmunoinformatics 615 0$aImmunoinformatics. 676 $a616.0790285 702 $aBassaganya-Riera$b Josep 702 $aAbedi$b Vida 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910797613003321 996 $aComputational immunology$93770427 997 $aUNINA LEADER 11091nam 2200541 450 001 9910830011003321 005 20240209122735.0 010 $a1-119-81554-1 010 $a1-119-81561-4 010 $a1-119-81553-3 035 $a(PPN)275591328 035 $a(CKB)4940000000599699 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6561793 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6708234 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6561793 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL6708234 035 $a(OCoLC)1250439995 035 $a(EXLCZ)994940000000599699 100 $a20220510d2021 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aSpace physics and aeronomy collection $eIonosphere dynamics and applications /$fedited by Chao Huang [and three others] 210 1$aHoboken, New Jersey ;$aWashington, District of Columbia :$cJohn Wiley & Sons, Incorporated :$cAmerican Geophysical Union,$d[2021] 210 4$dİ2021 215 $a1 online resource (574 pages) 225 1 $aGeophysical Monograph 311 $a1-119-50755-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part I The Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere -- Chapter 1 Magnetospheric Energy Input to the Ionosphere -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 ENERGY ENTERING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE (IT) SYSTEM -- 1.3 GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS (GCMS) OF MIT COUPLING -- 1.4 MODEL ASSESSMENT -- 1.5 JOULE HEATING -- 1.6 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 1.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 High Latitude Ionospheric Convection -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM -- 2.3 STEADY-STATE MAGNETOSPHERIC/IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION -- 2.4 TIME-DEPENDENT CONVECTION -- 2.5 FURTHER READING -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Multiscale Dynamics in the High-Latitude Ionosphere -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 CUSP -- 3.3 POLAR CAP -- 3.4 NIGHTSIDE AURORAL OVAL -- 3.5 CROSS-REGIONAL AND GLOBAL INTERACTION PROCESSES -- 3.6 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Polar Cap Density Structure Research -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO POLAR CAP DENSITY STRUCTURES -- 4.2 STATISTICAL OCCURRENCE RATE OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.3 PLASMA CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN THE POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.4 DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.5 ION UPFLOW ASSOCIATED WITH POLAR CAP HIGH-DENSITY STRUCTURES -- 4.6 OPTICAL EMISSION MECHANISMS AND VARIABILITY OF POLAR CAP PATCHES -- 4.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 Polar Cap O+ Ion Outflow and Its Impact on Magnetospheric Dynamics -- 5.1 POLAR CAP ION OUTFLOW -- 5.2 IMPACTS OF ION OUTFLOW ON MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS -- 5.3 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Part II The Subauroral and Midlatitude Ionosphere -- Chapter 6 Ionospheric Storm-Enhanced Density Plumes -- 6.1 REVIEW OF IONOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS OF STORM-ENHANCED DENSITY -- 6.2 SED CHARACTERISTICS. 327 $a6.3 SED FORMATION PROCESSES -- 6.4 SED PLASMA IN THE CUSP AND MAGNETOSPHERE -- 6.5 SUMMARY AND CURRENT STATUS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Ion Outflow and Lobe Density: Interhemispheric Asymmetries -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 ESTIMATING PLASMA DENSITY FROM SPACECRAFT POTENTIAL -- 7.3 OBSERVATIONS AND DATA SET CHARACTERISTICS -- 7.4 NORTH-SOUTH ASYMMETRIES -- 7.5 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Mesoscale and Small-Scale Structure of the Subauroral Geospace -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 TURBULENT PLASMASPHERE BOUNDARY LAYER -- 8.3 IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURES -- 8.4 DISCUSSION -- 8.5 CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III The Low-Latitude Ionosphere -- Chapter 9 Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 BASIC PRINCIPLES -- 9.3 QUIET-TIME EQUATORIAL PLASMA DRIFTS -- 9.4 STORM-TIME EQUATORIAL ELECTRIC FIELDS -- 9.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Theory and Modeling of Equatorial Spread F -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 THEORY -- 10.3 MODELING -- 10.4 NEW FINDINGS -- 10.5 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Observations of Equatorial Spread F: A Working Hypothesis -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 SOURCES, SEEDING, DRIVERS, AND LOADING -- 11.3 CLIMATOLOGY OF ESF -- 11.4 DAY-TO-DAY VARIABILITY OF ESF -- 11.5 WHAT ABOUT LOW SOLAR ACTIVITY? -- 11.6 DISCUSSION -- 11.7 OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 The Equatorial Electrojet -- 12.1 HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS -- 12.2 MAGNETIC SIGNATURES AND CURRENT DENSITY PROFILES -- 12.3 ELECTRODYNAMICS DESCRIPTION AND MODELING OF THE EEJ -- 12.4 CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EEJ -- 12.5 TIDAL FEATURES OF THE EEJ -- 12.6 THE COUNTER-ELECTROJET -- 12.7 SUMMARY AND OPEN ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. 327 $aChapter 13 Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Variations During Geomagnetic Storms -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 MAJOR MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE MAGNETIC STORMS -- 13.3 VARIATIONS OF THE IONOSPHERIC STORM EFFECTS IN THE EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE REGIONS -- 13.4 CHALLENGES AND UNSOLVED ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Global Ionospheric Processes -- Chapter 14 Penetration of the Magnetospheric Electric Fields to the Low Latitude Ionosphere -- 14.1 TECHNIQUES TO OBSERVE THE PENETRATION ELECTRIC FIELD -- 14.2 CONVECTION AND SHIELDING ELECTRIC FIELDS -- 14.3 PENETRATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS DURING SUBSTORMS -- 14.4 PENETRATION OF ELECTRIC FIELDS DURING GEOMAGNETIC STORMS -- 14.5 TRANSMISSION MECHANISM -- 14.6 SUMMARY AND ISSUES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Ionosphere and Thermosphere Coupling at Mid- and Subauroral Latitudes -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 IONOSPHERIC RESPONSES TO THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL WINDS -- 15.3 THERMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS DRIVEN BY IONOSPHERIC DYNAMICS -- 15.4 INFLUENCES FROM BELOW -- 15.5 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Impacts on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System: A Review of Recent Progress -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 SUDDEN STRATOSPHERIC WARMING EVENTS -- 16.3 SSW EFFECTS ON THE THERMOSPHERE -- 16.4 IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE -- 16.5 NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS -- 16.6 OUTSTANDING ISSUES AND CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 Ionospheric Dynamics and Their Strong Longitudinal Dependences -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION -- 17.2 MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE STRUCTURES -- 17.3 GLOBAL EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURES -- 17.4 LONGITUDINAL DEPENDENCE OF VERTICAL DRIFT -- 17.5 Summary and Future Directions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. 327 $aChapter 18 Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances -- 18.1 INTRODUCTION -- 18.2 ELECTRIFIED MEDIUM-SCALE TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES -- 18.3 MSTIDS INDUCED BY UPWARD-PROPAGATING GRAVITY WAVES -- 18.4 DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part V Ionospheric Impacts on Applications -- Chapter 19 IONOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON HF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION -- 19.1 INTRODUCTION -- 19.2 HF PROPAGATION IN THE UNDISTURBED IONOSPHERE -- 19.3 EFFECTS OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ON HF INSTRUMENTS -- 19.4 SPORADIC-E -- 19.5 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Ionospheric Scintillation Effects on Satellite Navigation -- 20.1 INTRODUCTION -- 20.2 NAVIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA -- 20.3 STAND-ALONE GNSS STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE -- 20.4 SATELLITE-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS (SBAS) -- 20.5 GROUND-BASED AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS (GBAS) -- 20.6 FINAL COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 Ionospheric Disturbances Related to Earthquakes -- 21.1 INTRODUCTION -- 21.2 GNSS-TEC OBSERVATIONS -- 21.3 COSEISMIC IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES -- 21.4 PRESEISMIC IONOSPHERIC ANOMALIES -- 21.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Caused by Tsunamis -- 22.1 INTRODUCTION -- 22.2 ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVE THEORY -- 22.3 ATMOSPHERIC WAVE GENERATION BY TSUNAMIS -- 22.4 TID AND AIRGLOW DISTURBANCE THEORY -- 22.5 TID AND AIRGLOW DISTURBANCE OBSERVATIONS -- 22.6 GRAVITY WAVE-TID MODELING -- 22.7 OUTSTANDING ISSUES: CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 22.8 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- EULA. 330 $a"The ionosphere is a layer within the atmosphere that consists of charged particles (i.e., electrons and ions) due to ionization of neutrals by solar radiation and energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere. The ionosphere extends from about 60 km above the Earth's surface to about 1,000 km in altitude. Ionospheric dynamics is affected by many different forcings, including solar flares, geomagnetic storms, tides and waves from the lower atmosphere, as well as disturbances triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis. The ionosphere behaves very differently under different solar and geomagnetic conditions, and its variability has direct impacts on radio communication and satellite navigation system. Our knowledge on the ionosphere has been greatly advanced in recent several decades owing to modernized instruments, much improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities. On the other hand, many important aspects of ionospheric dynamics are still not well understood, especially during geomagnetic storms, because of the complexity of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system. This book provides a comprehensive overview of global ionospheric research ranging from the polar cap to the equatorial region. The book consists of five parts. Part 1 addresses magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling, magnetospheric energy input in the high-latitude ionosphere, ion outflow, and ionospheric convection in the polar cap and auroral zone. Part 2 concerns interhemispheric asymmetries, ionospheric structures such as large-scale storm enhanced density plumes, and meso- and small-scale structures in the subauroral and mid-latitude ionosphere. Part 3 focuses on the low-latitude ionosphere, including equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics, equatorial spread F, equatorial electrojet, and equatorial ionization anomaly. Part 4 covers global ionospheric processes such as penetration electric fields, magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling at middle and subauroral latitudes, sudden stratospheric warming impacts on the ionosphere, longitudinal dependence of ionospheric dynamics, and travelling ionospheric disturbances. Part 5 discusses ionospheric effects on HF wave propagation and satellite navigation, as well as ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes and tsunamis"--$cProvided by publisher. 410 0$aGeophysical Monograph 606 $aIonosphere$xResearch 615 0$aIonosphere$xResearch. 676 $a538.767 702 $aHuang$b Chao 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910830011003321 996 $aSpace physics and aeronomy collection$94040229 997 $aUNINA