LEADER 03649nam 22006852 450 001 9910790198203321 005 20151005020622.0 010 $a1-107-23000-4 010 $a1-139-23449-8 010 $a1-280-48569-8 010 $a1-139-23301-7 010 $a9786613580672 010 $a1-139-23079-4 010 $a1-139-22933-8 010 $a1-139-05534-8 010 $a1-139-23224-X 010 $a1-139-23378-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000159744 035 $a(EBL)862400 035 $a(OCoLC)780425841 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000613959 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11374259 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000613959 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10604554 035 $a(PQKB)10366899 035 $a(UkCbUP)CR9781139055345 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC862400 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL862400 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10539390 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL358067 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000159744 100 $a20110308d2012|||| uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aPoliticized justice in emerging democracies $ea study of courts in Russia and Ukraine /$fMaria Popova$b[electronic resource] 210 1$aCambridge :$cCambridge University Press,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (xii, 197 pages) $cdigital, PDF file(s) 225 1 $aComparative constitutional law and policy 300 $aTitle from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015). 311 $a1-107-69403-5 311 $a1-107-01489-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aWhat is judicial independence? -- Judges and politicians : theories about the origins of judicial independence -- What can a focused comparison of Russia and Ukraine tell us about the origins of independent courts -- The role of Ukrainian and Russian courts in the provision of free and fair elections : judicial independence from politicians during the 2002 RADA and the 2003 Duma campaign -- The role of Ukrainian and Russian courts in the provision of press freedom : judicial independence in defamation lawsuits, 1998-2003 -- Politicians' capacity to pressure the courts -- Politicians' willingness to pressure the courts, 1998-2004 and beyond. 330 $aWhy are independent courts rarely found in emerging democracies? This book moves beyond familiar obstacles, such as an inhospitable legal legacy and formal institutions that expose judges to political pressure. It proposes a strategic pressure theory, which claims that in emerging democracies, political competition eggs on rather than restrains power-hungry politicians. Incumbents who are losing their grip on power try to use the courts to hang on, which leads to the politicization of justice. The analysis uses four original datasets, containing 1,000 decisions by Russian and Ukrainian lower courts from 1998 to 2004. The main finding is that justice is politicized in both countries, but in the more competitive regime (Ukraine) incumbents leaned more forcefully on the courts and obtained more favorable rulings. 410 0$aComparative constitutional law and policy. 606 $aJudicial independence$zUkraine 606 $aJudicial independence$zRussia (Federation) 615 0$aJudicial independence 615 0$aJudicial independence 676 $a347.47/012 700 $aPopova$b Maria$f1975-$01523719 801 0$bUkCbUP 801 1$bUkCbUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910790198203321 996 $aPoliticized justice in emerging democracies$93764018 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04794nam 2200709 a 450 001 9910782441503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-95916-2 010 $a9786611959166 010 $a0-226-06342-9 024 7 $a10.7208/9780226063423 035 $a(CKB)1000000000579486 035 $a(EBL)408188 035 $a(OCoLC)476227852 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000105795 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11128637 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000105795 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10106746 035 $a(PQKB)11349359 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC408188 035 $a(DE-B1597)523436 035 $a(OCoLC)1135589676 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780226063423 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL408188 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10266044 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL195916 035 $a(PPN)144361132 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000579486 100 $a20070306d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aArt in an age of civil struggle, 1848-1871$b[electronic resource] /$fAlbert Boime 210 $aChicago $cUniversity of Chicago Press$d2007 215 $a1 online resource (906 p.) 225 1 $aA social history of modern art ;$vv. 4 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-226-06328-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 801-862) and index. 327 $aSpringtime and winter of the people in France, 1848-1852 -- Radical realism and its offspring -- Radical realism continued -- The pre-Raphaelites and the 1848 revolutions -- The Macchia and the Risorgimento -- Cultural inflections of slavery and manifest destiny in America -- Biedermeier culture and the revolutions of 1848 -- The Second Empire's official realism -- Edouard Manet: man about town -- The Franco-Prussian war, the French commune, and the threshold of Impressionism -- Coda: Menzel and the transition to empire. 330 $aFrom the European revolutions of 1848 through the Italian independence movement, the American Civil War, and the French Commune, the era Albert Boime explores in this fourth volume of his epic series was, in a word, transformative. The period, which gave rise to such luminaries as Karl Marx and Charles Darwin, was also characterized by civic upheaval, quantum leaps in science and technology, and the increasing secularization of intellectual pursuits and ordinary life. In a sweeping narrative that adds critical depth to a key epoch in modern art's history, Art in an Age of Civil Struggle shows how this turbulent social environment served as an incubator for the mid-nineteenth century's most important artists and writers. Tracing the various movements of realism through the major metropolitan centers of Europe and America, Boime strikingly evokes the milieus that shaped the lives and works of Gustave Courbet, Edouard Manet, Émile Zola, Honoré Daumier, Walt Whitman, Abraham Lincoln, and the earliest photographers, among countless others. In doing so, he spearheads a powerful new way of reassessing how art emerges from the welter of cultural and political events and the artist's struggle to interpret his surroundings. Boime supports this multifaceted approach with a wealth of illustrations and written sources that demonstrate the intimate links between visual culture and social change. Culminating at the transition to impressionism, Art in an Age of Civil Struggle makes historical sense of a movement that paved the way for avant-garde aesthetics and, more broadly, of how a particular style emerges at a particular moment. 410 0$aSocial History of Modern Art 606 $aArt, European$y19th century 606 $aArt and society$zEurope$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aArt and revolutions$zEurope$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aRealism in art$zEurope 610 $a19th century, art history, transformation, transformational, european, europe, america, american, french commune, civil war, independence, karl marx, charles darwin, civic, upheaval, change, science, technology, realism, walt whitman, abraham lincoln, honore daumie, emile zola, edouard manet, gustave courbet, photography, artists, writers, creativity, literature, poetry, aesthetics, cultural, political, interpretation, revolution, slavery, manifest destiny, impressionism. 615 0$aArt, European 615 0$aArt and society$xHistory 615 0$aArt and revolutions$xHistory 615 0$aRealism in art 676 $a709.03/4 700 $aBoime$b Albert$0484167 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782441503321 996 $aArt in an age of civil struggle, 1848-1871$93730001 997 $aUNINA