LEADER 04891nam 22008535 450 001 9910790012603321 005 20230207214320.0 010 $a0-8147-8994-3 024 7 $a10.18574/9780814789940 035 $a(CKB)2670000000155531 035 $a(EBL)866072 035 $a(OCoLC)779828401 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000607800 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11384933 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000607800 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10591756 035 $a(PQKB)11012242 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC866072 035 $a(OCoLC)794701168 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse10244 035 $a(DE-B1597)548451 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780814789940 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000155531 100 $a20200723h20082008 fg 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|un|u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe Trial of Frederick Eberle $eLanguage, Patriotism and Citizenship in Philadelphia's German Community, 1790 to 1830 /$fFriederike Baer 210 1$aNew York, NY :$cNew York University Press,$d[2008] 210 4$dİ2008 215 $a1 online resource (281 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-8147-9980-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 245-264) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tAcknowledgments --$tIntroduction --$t1. Dragged into Courts of Justice Unnecessarily --$t2. A Controversy Has Arisen --$t3. Germans and Anglicized Eyrisch-Germans --$t4. They Want to Steal Our Property, to Rob Our Churches --$t5. All the Stimulants of a Political Election --$t6. One of Those Cases, in Which Strong Feelings Are Unavoidably Excited --$t7. Endeavor to Inform Our Judgments and Act Impartially --$tAppendix 1 --$tAppendix 2 --$tAppendix 3 --$tAppendix 4 --$tAppendix 5 --$tNotes --$tBibliography --$tIndex --$tAbout the Author 330 $aIn the summer of 1816, the state of Pennsylvania tried fifty-nine German-Americans on charges of conspiracy and rioting. The accused had, according to the indictment, conspired to prevent with physical force the introduction of the English language into the largest German church in North America, Philadelphia?s Lutheran congregation of St. Michael?s and Zion. The trial marked the climax of an increasingly violent conflict over language choice in Philadelphia?s German community, with members bitterly divided into those who favored the exclusive use of German in their church, and those who preferred occasional services in English. At trial, witnesses, lawyers, defendants, and the judge explicitly linked language to class, citizenship, patriotism, religion, and violence. Mining many previously unexamined sources, including German-language writings, witness testimonies, and the opinions of prominent legal professionals, Friederike Baer uses legal conflict as a prism through which to explore the significance of language in the early American republic. The Trial of Frederick Eberle reminds us that debates over language have always been about far more than just language. Baer demonstrates that the 1816 trial was not a battle between Americans and immigrants, or German-speakers and English-speakers. Instead, the individuals involved in the case seized and exploited English and German as powerful symbols of competing cultural, economic, and social interests. 606 $aCitizenship$zUnited States$vCase studies 606 $aPatriotism$zUnited States$vCase studies 606 $aLanguage maintenance$zUnited States$vCase studies 606 $aImmigrants$zPennsylvania$zPhiladelphia$xSocial conditions 606 $aLutherans, German$zPennsylvania$zPhiladelphia$xSocial conditions 606 $aLanguage question in the church$zPennsylvania$zPhiladelphia$xHistory 606 $aTrials (Conspiracy)$zPennsylvania$zPhiladelphia 607 $aPhiladelphia (Pa.)$xEthnic relations$xHistory$y19th century 607 $aPhiladelphia (Pa.)$xEthnic relations$xHistory$y18th century 610 $aAmerican. 610 $aUses. 610 $aconflict. 610 $aearly. 610 $aexplore. 610 $alanguage. 610 $alegal. 610 $aprism. 610 $arepublic. 610 $asignificance. 610 $athrough. 610 $awhich. 615 0$aCitizenship 615 0$aPatriotism 615 0$aLanguage maintenance 615 0$aImmigrants$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aLutherans, German$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aLanguage question in the church$xHistory. 615 0$aTrials (Conspiracy) 676 $a306.44089/31074811 700 $aBaer$b Friederike$4aut$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut$01567643 801 0$bDE-B1597 801 1$bDE-B1597 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910790012603321 996 $aThe Trial of Frederick Eberle$93839164 997 $aUNINA