LEADER 04194oam 22010814 450 001 9910788234403321 005 20230721045658.0 010 $a1-4623-5882-9 010 $a1-4527-9650-5 010 $a1-4518-7033-7 010 $a9786612841262 010 $a1-282-84126-2 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055065 035 $a(EBL)1607936 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000944146 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11503214 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944146 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10983259 035 $a(PQKB)11591377 035 $a(OCoLC)762926226 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607936 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008175 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055065 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aInflation Smoothing and the Modest Effect of VAT in Germany /$fStephan Danninger, Alina Carare 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (23 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/175 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1486-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Stylized Facts and Rationale for Inflation Smoothing; III. Empirical Analysis; IV. Conclusions; References; Appendix; I. Data; II. Method; III. Calculating The Effect on Core Inflation 330 3 $aIncreases in German core inflation following the 2007 VAT hike were smaller than expected, leading to speculation about delayed inflationary effects. This paper argues to the contrary that price increases in advance of the VAT hike explain the small increase upon implementation. We find that core inflation rose by 0.36 percentage point in the run up and by a further 0.40 percentage point at the time of the VAT hike. Cumulatively, the tax hike contributed to two thirds of the increase in core inflation in 2006-07 at an estimated pass-through of 73 percent. Most of the increase in 2006 was of general nature, while about one sixth can be attributed to durable goods and items with low degree of competition. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/175 606 $aInflation (Finance)$zGermany 606 $aValue-added tax$zGermany 606 $aInflation (Finance)$zGermany$xEconometric models 606 $aValue-added tax$zGermany$xEconometric models 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aBusiness Taxes and Subsidies$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aValue-added tax$2imf 606 $aConsumer price indexes$2imf 606 $aConsumption$2imf 606 $aPrice adjustments$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aSpendings tax$2imf 606 $aPrice indexes$2imf 606 $aEconomics$2imf 607 $aGermany$2imf 615 0$aInflation (Finance) 615 0$aValue-added tax 615 0$aInflation (Finance)$xEconometric models. 615 0$aValue-added tax$xEconometric models. 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aBusiness Taxes and Subsidies 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aWealth 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aValue-added tax 615 7$aConsumer price indexes 615 7$aConsumption 615 7$aPrice adjustments 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aSpendings tax 615 7$aPrice indexes 615 7$aEconomics 676 $a332.4943 700 $aDanninger$b Stephan$01485182 701 $aCarare$b Alina$01485183 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788234403321 996 $aInflation Smoothing and the Modest Effect of VAT in Germany$93704173 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04290nam 2200673Ia 450 001 9910789477203321 005 20230227232309.0 010 $a3-11-090532-9 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110905328 035 $a(CKB)3460000000080922 035 $a(EBL)937810 035 $a(OCoLC)843635640 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000560096 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11338055 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000560096 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10568716 035 $a(PQKB)10768442 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC937810 035 $a(DE-B1597)40314 035 $a(OCoLC)979762979 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110905328 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL937810 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10597455 035 $a(EXLCZ)993460000000080922 100 $a20760108e19752010 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aPerspectives on Black English /$feditor, J. Dillard 205 $aReprint 2010 210 1$aThe Hague :$cMouton,$d[1975] 215 $a1 online resource (392 pages) 225 0 $aContributions to the sociology of language ;$v4 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a90-279-7811-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tGeneral Introduction: Perspectives on Black English /$rDillard, J. L. --$tBLACK ENGLISH DIALECTOLOGY: THEORY, METHOD --$tIntroduction --$tAmerican Linguistic Geography: A Sociological Appraisal /$rPickford, Glenna Ruth --$tObservations (1966) on the Problems of Defining Negro Dialect /$rStewart, William A. --$tBlack American English and Syntactic Dialectology /$rLoflin, Marvin D. --$tDialectology in Generative Grammar /$rLuelsdorff, Philip A. --$tAin't, Not, and Don't in Black English /$rFickett, Joan G. --$tTHE HISTORY OF BLACK ENGLISH --$tIntroduction --$tThe Religious Intelligencer (1821), Excerpts --$tDas Neger-Englisch an der Westküste von Afrika /$rGrade, P. --$tNegro English /$rHarrison, J. A. --$tA Word-List from East Alabama /$rPayne, Jr. --$tSome Special West African English Words /$rChristophersen, Paul --$tA Note on the Words dash and ju-ju in West African English /$rChristophersen, Paul --$tNegro Dialect /$rWise, C. M. --$tSociolinguistic Factors in the History of American Negro Dialects /$rStewart, William A. --$tContinuity and Change in American Negro Dialects /$rStewart, William A. --$tSome Aspects of English in Liberia /$rHancock, Ian F. --$tAppendix: Liberian English of Cape Palmas (with Piayon E. Kobbah) --$tBLACK ENGLISH AND THE ACCULTURATION PROCESS --$tIntroduction --$tAcculturation Among the Gullah Negroes /$rBascom, William R. --$tThe Writings of Herskovits and the Study of the Language of the Negro in the New World /$rDillard, J. L. --$tBlack Kinesics - Some Non-Verbal Communication Patterns in the Black Culture /$rJohnson, Kenneth R. --$tBLACK ENGLISH AND PSYCHOLINGUISTICS --$tIntroduction --$tClassroom Correction Tests /$rLabov, William / Robins, Clarence / Cohen, Paul / Lewis, John --$tThe Learning of Black English by Puerto Ricans in New York City /$rSilverman, Stuart --$tA Sociolinguistic Consideration of the Black English of Children in Northern Florida /$rHouston, Susan H. --$tWhite and Negro Listeners' Reactions to Various American-English Dialects /$rLambert, Wallace E. / Tucker, G. Richard --$tReferences for the Introductions --$tIndex 330 $aPerspectives on Black English Contributions to the Sociology of Language [CSL] 410 0$aContributions to the Sociology of Language [CSL];$v4 606 $aBlack English 606 $aAfrican Americans$xLanguages 606 $aEnglish language$xSocial aspects$zUnited States 606 $aEnglish language$xVariation$zUnited States 615 0$aBlack English. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xLanguages. 615 0$aEnglish language$xSocial aspects 615 0$aEnglish language$xVariation 676 $a427/.9/73 686 $aMS 8050$2rvk 701 $aDillard$b J. L$g(Joey Lee),$f1924-$0458037 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910789477203321 996 $aPerspectives on Black English$93866974 997 $aUNINA