LEADER 05464nam 2200625 450 001 9910789455303321 005 20230120013815.0 010 $a1-4832-8574-X 035 $a(CKB)3710000000028593 035 $a(EBL)1829216 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001412314 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11897545 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001412314 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11410743 035 $a(PQKB)10352746 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1829216 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000028593 100 $a20141120h19811981 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe manufacture of knowledge $ean essay on the constructivist and contextual nature of science /$fKarin D. Knorr-Cetina ; preface by Rom Harre? 205 $aFirst edition. 210 1$aOxford, England ;$aElmsford, New York :$cPergamon Press,$d1981. 210 4$dİ1981 215 $a1 online resource (204 p.) 225 1 $aPergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Social Studies 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-27742-7 311 $a0-08-025777-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFront Cover; The Manufacture of Knowledge: An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science; Copyright Page; Preface; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. The Scientist as a Practical Reasoner: Introduction to a Constructivist and Contextual Theory of Knowledge; 1.1 Facts and Fabrications; 1.2 The Constructivist Interpretation I: Nature and the Laboratory; 1.3 The Constructivist Interpretation II: The ""Decision Ladenness"" of Fact-Fabrication; 1.4 The Laboratory: Context of Discovery or Context of Validation?; 1.5 The Contextuality of Laboratory Construction 327 $a1.6 Contextual Contingency as a Principle of Change1.7 The Constructivist Interpretation III: Innovation and Selection; 1.8 Sources of Reconstruction: The Internal and the External; 1.9 Sensitive and Frigid Methodologies; 1.10 From the Question Why to the Question How; 1.11 The Scientist as a Practical Reasoner; 1.12 The Cognitive and the Practical Reasoner; 1.13 Data and Presentation; Notes; Chapter 2. The Scientist as an Indexical Reasoner: The Contextuality and the Opportunism of Research; 2.1 Bringing Space and Time Back In: The Indexical Logic and the Opportunism of Research 327 $a2.2 Local Idiosyncrasies2.3 Occasioned Selections and the Oscillation of Decision Criteria; 2.4 The Neglected Research Site: Organisation vs. Laboratory Situation; 2.5 Variable Rules, and Power; 2.6 Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 3. The Scientist as an Analogical Reasoner: A Principle of Orientation and a Critique of the Metaphor Theory of Innovation; 3.1 The Metaphor Theory of Innovation; 3.2 The Scientists' Accounts of Innovation; 3.3 Analogy Relations and the Opportunistic Logic of Research; 3.4 The Opportunism and the Conservatism of Analogical Reasoning 327 $a3.5 Ethnotheories of Innovation, or the Assumptions Behind Accounts of Innovation3.6 A Metaphor- or Analogy-Theory of Failure and Mistake; 3.7 Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 4. The Scientist as a Socially Situated Reasoner: From Scientific Communities to Transscientific Fields; 4.1 The Scientific Community as a Unit of Contextual Organisation; 4.2 Quasi-Economic Models: From Community Gift-Giving to Community Capitalism; 4.3 The Scientist as an Economic Reasoner or 'Who are the Entrepreneurs?""; 4.4 The Labour Interpretation; 4.5 Variable Transscientific Fields; 4.6 Resource-Relationships 327 $a4.7 Resource-Relationships: Ultrafragile and Grounded in Conflict4.8 The Transscientific Connection of Research; 4.9 Indeterminacy and the Transscientific Connection of Research; Notes; Chapter 5. The Scientist as a Literary Reasoner, Or the Transformation of Laboratory Reason; 5.1 The ""Products"" of Research; 5.2 The Grounding of a Research Effort in the Laboratory; 5.3 The Grounding of a Research Effort in the Scientific Paper; 5.4 First and Final Versions: The Dissimulation of Literary Intention; 5.5 The Construction of a Web of Reason; 5.6 The Management of Relevance 327 $a5.7 The Story of the Laboratory Continued 330 $aThe anthropological approach is the central focus of this study. Laboratories are looked upon with the innocent eye of the traveller in exotic lands, and the societies found in these places are observed with the objective yet compassionate eye of the visitor from a quite other cultural milieu. There are many surprises that await us if we enter a laboratory in this frame of mind... This study is a realistic enterprise, an attempt to truly represent the social order of life in laboratories and institutes of research, just as they are. By bringing the philosophical issues to the surface as matter 410 0$aPergamon international library of science, technology, engineering, and social studies. 606 $aScience$xMethodology 606 $aKnowledge, Theory of 615 0$aScience$xMethodology. 615 0$aKnowledge, Theory of. 676 $a306.45 700 $aKnorr-Cetina$b K$g(Karin),$0526417 702 $aHarre?$b Rom 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910789455303321 996 $aThe manufacture of knowledge$93752506 997 $aUNINA