LEADER 05052nam 2200877 a 450 001 9910788512403321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-283-89113-1 010 $a0-8122-0604-5 024 7 $a10.9783/9780812206043 035 $a(CKB)3240000000068530 035 $a(OCoLC)794929407 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10642716 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000631177 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11374475 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000631177 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10599461 035 $a(PQKB)10775130 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse17917 035 $a(DE-B1597)449444 035 $a(OCoLC)979754112 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780812206043 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3441964 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10642716 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL420363 035 $a(OCoLC)932312703 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3441964 035 $a(EXLCZ)993240000000068530 100 $a20090113d2009 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCrisis in Kirkuk$b[electronic resource] $ethe ethnopolitics of conflict and compromise /$fLiam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield 210 $aPhiladelphia $cUniversity of Pennsylvania Press$dc2009 215 $a1 online resource (311 p.) 225 0 $aNational and Ethnic Conflict in the 21st Century 225 0$aNational and ethnic conflict in the 21st century 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-8122-4176-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [245]-281) and index. 327 $aKirkuk before Iraq -- Kirkuk in the twentieth century -- The post-2003 Iraqi context -- The Turkmen perspective : the demise of a formerly dominant community -- The Kurdish perspective : gaining "Jerusalem" -- The Arab perspective : applying the old rules -- The Kurds ascendant -- The Kurds triumphant -- The Kurds denied -- The struggle for Kirkuk : problems of process -- The struggle for Kirkuk : problems of final status -- The struggle for Kirkuk : future governance. 330 $aDespite dramatic improvements in the security environment in most parts of Iraq, still unresolved are many core political issues, foremost of which is the conflict over the city and region of Kirkuk. With immense oil reserves and a diverse population of Kurds, Arabs, and Turkmens, Kirkuk in recent history has been scarred by interethnic violence and state-sponsored ethnic cleansing. Throughout the twentieth century, successive Arab Iraqi governments engaged in a brutal campaign to increase Kirkuk's Arab population at the expense of Kurds and Turkmens. Following the invasion of Iraq in 2003, a newly empowered Kurdish leadership has sought to reverse the effects of the Arabization campaign and to hold a referendum on incorporating Kirkuk into the Kurdistan Region. The Kurds' efforts are, however, strongly opposed by Kirkuk's Turkmens, Arabs, and also most states in the region.In Crisis in Kirkuk, Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield offer a dispassionate analysis of one of Iraq's most pressing and unresolved problems. Drawing on extensive research and fieldwork, the authors investigate the claims to ownership made by each of Kirkuk's competing communities. They consider the constitutional mechanisms put in place to address the issue and the problems that have plagued their implementation. The book concludes with an assessment of the measures needed to resolve the crisis in Kirkuk, stressing that finding a compromise acceptable to all sides is vital to the future stability of Iraq. 606 $aEthnic conflict$zIraq$zKarku?k$xHistory$y21st century 606 $aCompromise formation$zIraq$zKarku?k$xHistory$y21st century 606 $aTurkmen$zIraq$zKarku?k$xSocial conditions$y21st century 606 $aKurds$zIraq$zKarku?k$xSocial conditions$y21st century 606 $aArabs$zIraq$zKarku?k$xSocial conditions$y21st century 606 $aIraq War, 2003-2011$xSocial aspects$zIraq$zKarku?k 606 $aIraq War, 2003-2011$xPolitical aspects$zIraq$zKarku?k 607 $aKarku?k (Iraq)$xEthnic relations$xPolitical aspects 607 $aKarku?k (Iraq)$xPolitics and government$y21st century 607 $aKarku?k (Iraq)$xHistory 610 $aAfrican Studies. 610 $aAsian Studies. 610 $aMiddle Eastern Studies. 610 $aPolitical Science. 610 $aPublic Policy. 615 0$aEthnic conflict$xHistory 615 0$aCompromise formation$xHistory 615 0$aTurkmen$xSocial conditions 615 0$aKurds$xSocial conditions 615 0$aArabs$xSocial conditions 615 0$aIraq War, 2003-2011$xSocial aspects 615 0$aIraq War, 2003-2011$xPolitical aspects 676 $a957.7044/31 700 $aAnderson$b Liam D$0518061 701 $aStansfield$b Gareth R. V$01091918 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788512403321 996 $aCrisis in Kirkuk$93844881 997 $aUNINA