LEADER 04044nam 2200649 a 450 001 9910788420803321 005 20230617015959.0 010 $a3-11-094455-3 024 7 $a10.1515/9783110944556 035 $a(CKB)3360000000338614 035 $a(OCoLC)847520119 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10591740 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000751741 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12352482 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000751741 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10771332 035 $a(PQKB)10271429 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3041259 035 $a(DE-B1597)45717 035 $a(OCoLC)979641870 035 $a(DE-B1597)9783110944556 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3041259 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10591740 035 $a(OCoLC)922944155 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000338614 100 $a20130213d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aVariable grammars$b[electronic resource] $everbal agreement in northern dialects of English /$fLukas Pietsch 210 $aTu?bingen $cMax Niemeyer Verlag$d2005 215 $a1 online resource (232 p.) 225 1 $aLinguistische Arbeiten,$x0344-6727 ;$v496 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a3-484-30496-0 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of maps. List of figures. List of tables --$tList of abbreviations --$tAcknowledgments /$rPietsch, Lukas --$t1. Introduction --$t2. Theoretical accounts of verbal agreement variation --$t3. History and origins of the NSR --$t4. Verbal agreement in the SED --$t5. Verbal agreement in the NITCS --$t6. Verbal agreement in FRED --$t7. Conclusions --$tAppendixes --$tIndex 330 $aThe northern dialects of Britain and Ireland have verbal agreement patterns that differ radically from those of Standard English: the children is singing vs. they are singing vs. they sing and dances. This so-called 'Northern Subject Rule' (agreement with adjacent personal pronoun subjects, but invariable verbal -s everywhere else), attested since the time of Middle English, was once a consistent, categorical grammatical system in the older dialects. It continues in the modern vernaculars in the form of complex variable systems, amalgamated from traditional dialectal patterns, Standard English forms, as well as modern supra-regional vernacular influences. This study explores the variable use of verbal agreement forms in Scotland, northern England and Ulster, based on data ranging from the mid-20th century »Survey of English Dialects« up to dialect recordings of the 1990's. In analysing continuities and discontinuities between the different dialects involved, it also raises questions of a theoretical nature: what are the implications of these hybrid, variable systems for a usage-based theory of grammatical competence? Die Verbkongruenz in den nördlichen britischen Dialekten weicht auffällig vom Standardenglischen ab. Doch was in älteren Formen dieser Dialekte ein in sich geschlossenes System mit kategorischer Geltung war, tritt in modernen Varietäten stets variabel und in einer Vielfalt von Mischformen auf. Die Arbeit untersucht anhand von Korpora Kontinuitäten und Unterschiede zwischen den Dialekten dieser Region und diskutiert die Bedeutung solcher hybrider, variabler Systeme für eine Theorie der grammatischen Variation. 410 0$aLinguistische Arbeiten (Max Niemeyer Verlag) ;$v496. 606 $aEnglish language$xAgreement 606 $aEnglish language$xDialects 606 $aEnglish language$xGrammar 615 0$aEnglish language$xAgreement. 615 0$aEnglish language$xDialects. 615 0$aEnglish language$xGrammar. 676 $a427 686 $aHF 283$2rvk 700 $aPietsch$b Lukas$01521620 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788420803321 996 $aVariable grammars$93825526 997 $aUNINA