LEADER 05695oam 22011774 450 001 9910788409503321 005 20230721050911.0 010 $a1-4623-4774-6 010 $a1-4527-3799-1 010 $a1-283-51328-5 010 $a9786613825735 010 $a1-4519-1313-3 035 $a(CKB)3360000000443565 035 $a(EBL)1607680 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000948647 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11589719 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000948647 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10950393 035 $a(PQKB)10649837 035 $a(OCoLC)535146975 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607680 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2007297 035 $a(EXLCZ)993360000000443565 100 $a20020129d2007 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aSovereign Wealth Funds in the Pacific Island Countries : $eMacro-Fiscal Linkages /$fPaulo Medas, Eric Le Borgne 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2007. 215 $a1 online resource (31 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $a"December 2007." 300 $aAt head of title: Fiscal Affairs Department. 311 $a1-4518-6860-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 24-25). 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Characteristics of the Pacific Island Economies; Figures; 1. Recent Economic Developments in the Pacific Islands Countries; 2. Size and Volatility of Revenue and Grants, 1990-2004; III. Overview of the Funds; A. Objectives; B. Revenue Sources; C. Withdrawal Rules; Boxes; 1. The Withdrawal Structure of Tuvalu's Sovereign Wealth Fund; D. Governance Structure; IV. Assessment of the Funds' Effectiveness; A. Did the Funds Achieve Their Objectives?; 2. International Experience with Non-Renewable Resource Funds; 3. Expenditure Volatility in the Pacific Island Countries 327 $aB. A Qualitative Assessment4. State of Public Financial Management in Selected PICs; Tables; 1. Pacific Island Countries: Sovereign Wealth Funds' Assets and Public Debt Levels; V. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations; References; A.1. Pacific Island Countries: Basic Geographic, Social, and Economic Indicators; A.2. Pacific Island Countries: Central Government Fiscal Indicators; A.3. Operational Rules of Selected Pacific Islands Sovereign Wealth Funds; A.1. PICs: Revenue Volatility and Sovereign Wealth Funds, 1990-2004 327 $aA.2. Structure of the Marshall Islands and Micronesia Sovereign Wealth Funds 330 3 $aThis paper looks at the role Sovereign Wealth Funds have played in the Pacific Island Countries in achieving key macro-fiscal policy objectives, namely, protecting the budget from high revenue volatility and strengthening fiscal prospects. Evidence shows that the funds' effectiveness has been hampered by lack of integration with the budget, institutional weaknesses, and inadequate controls. These factors, together with weak asset management, have sometimes led to substantial financial losses and undermined fiscal policy. Funds, if well designed, could be used as a tool to support a sound fiscal framework, but should not be seen as a substitute for fiscal reforms. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2007/297 606 $aWealth$zIslands of the Pacific$xManagement 606 $aFiscal policy$zIslands of the Pacific 606 $aFinance, Public$zIslands of the Pacific 606 $aBudgeting$2imf 606 $aFinancial Risk Management$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aNational Budget$2imf 606 $aBudget Systems$2imf 606 $aFiscal Policy$2imf 606 $aPension Funds$2imf 606 $aNon-bank Financial Institutions$2imf 606 $aFinancial Instruments$2imf 606 $aInstitutional Investors$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf 606 $aBudgeting & financial management$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aBudget planning and preparation$2imf 606 $aFiscal policy$2imf 606 $aSovereign wealth funds$2imf 606 $aPublic financial management (PFM)$2imf 606 $aExtra-budgetary funds$2imf 606 $aBudget$2imf 606 $aFinance, Public$2imf 607 $aMarshall Islands, Republic of the$2imf 615 0$aWealth$xManagement. 615 0$aFiscal policy 615 0$aFinance, Public 615 7$aBudgeting 615 7$aFinancial Risk Management 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aNational Budget 615 7$aBudget Systems 615 7$aFiscal Policy 615 7$aPension Funds 615 7$aNon-bank Financial Institutions 615 7$aFinancial Instruments 615 7$aInstitutional Investors 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General 615 7$aBudgeting & financial management 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aBudget planning and preparation 615 7$aFiscal policy 615 7$aSovereign wealth funds 615 7$aPublic financial management (PFM) 615 7$aExtra-budgetary funds 615 7$aBudget 615 7$aFinance, Public 700 $aMedas$b Paulo$01493443 701 $aLe Borgne$b Eric$01463985 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund.$bFiscal Affairs Dept. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788409503321 996 $aSovereign Wealth Funds in the Pacific Island Countries$93802231 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02713nam 2200577Ia 450 001 9910784602603321 005 20231122011109.0 010 $a0-19-771427-7 010 $a1-280-55873-3 010 $a0-19-535886-4 010 $a1-4294-0788-3 035 $a(CKB)1000000000399033 035 $a(EBL)431016 035 $a(OCoLC)609831741 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000191758 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11215818 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000191758 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10186374 035 $a(PQKB)10864813 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL431016 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10278099 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL55873 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC431016 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000399033 100 $a19930528d1994 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aLiberal professions and illiberal politics $eHungary from the Habsburgs to the Holocaust /$fMa?ria M. Kova?cs 210 $aWashington, D.C. $cWilson Center Press ;$a[Oxford] $cOxford University Press$dc1994 215 $a1 online resource (193 pages) 311 0 $a0-19-508597-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [145]-161). 327 $aContents; Tables; Glossary: Abbreviations; Introduction; 1. Liberalism and Professionalization in the Nineteenth Century; 2. From Professional to Political Ideology, 1900-1919; 3. The Restrictive Reform of the Professions, 1920-1928; 4. The Professions during the Depression; 5. Professions and Discrimination, 1938-1944; Epilogue; Notes; Selected Bibliography; Index 330 $aIn this important new historical study, Maria Kovacs examines the struggle between liberal and anti-Semitic policies among professional groups--doctors, lawyers, engineers--in Hungary. Kovacs's main emphasis is on the interwar period when unemployment, expansion of the welfare system, and competition for state jobs during the Great Depression, combined with crass anti-Semitism on the part of engineers and medical associations, radically altered previously liberal policies of open entry and equal educational opportunity. 606 $aProfessions$xSociological aspects 606 $aProfessional socialization$zHungary 607 $aHungary$xSocial conditions 615 0$aProfessions$xSociological aspects. 615 0$aProfessional socialization 676 $a305.5/53/09439 700 $aKova?cs$b M. Ma?ria$f1953-2020.$01499071 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910784602603321 996 $aLiberal professions and illiberal politics$93724886 997 $aUNINA