LEADER 06609oam 22014774 450 001 9910788348803321 005 20230120051455.0 010 $a1-4623-0634-9 010 $a1-4527-9144-9 010 $a1-4518-7157-0 010 $a9786612842320 010 $a1-282-84232-3 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055185 035 $a(EBL)1608143 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000940072 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11483768 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000940072 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10947844 035 $a(PQKB)10137075 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608143 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1608143 035 $a(OCoLC)867079269 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3013003 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009010 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055185 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBenford?s Law and Macroeconomic Data Quality /$fJesus Gonzalez-Garcia, Gonzalo Pastor Campos 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (22 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1593-4 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Benford's Law and Testing Methodology; A. Benford's Law; B. Testing Methodology; III. Conformity of Macroeconomic Data with Benford's Law; IV. Comparison of Goodness of Fit Tests Results with ROSC Assessments of Data Quality; V. Can Tests of Conformity with Benford's Law be Considered Reliable Indicators of Macroeconomic Data Quality ?; VI. Conclusion; Text Tables; 1. Banking Survey Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests; 2. Balance of Payments Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests; 3. National Accounts Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests 327 $a4. Government Finance Statistics: Goodness of Fit Tests5. Rejections of Benford's Law and Shares of LNO and NO Ratings; Appendix: Country Groups and Data Series Used; Appendix Tables; A.1. Groups of Countries; A2. Data Series Tested; Text Figures; 1. Finland and Japan Nominal GDP; 2. Niger Nominal GDP, Household Consumption and Gross Fixed Capital Formation; References 330 3 $aThis paper examines the usefulness of testing the conformity of macroeconomic data with Benford's law as indicator of data quality. Most of the macroeconomic data series tested conform with Benford's law. However, questions emerge on the reliability of such tests as indicators of data quality once conformity with Benford's law is contrasted with the data quality ratings included in the data module of the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (data ROSCs). Furthermore, the analysis shows that rejection of Benford's law may be unrelated to the quality of statistics, and instead may result from marked structural shifts in the data series. Hence, nonconformity with Benford's law should not be interpreted as a reliable indication of poor quality in macroeconomic data. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/010 606 $aBusiness & Economics$2HILCC 606 $aEconomic Theory$2HILCC 606 $aInvestments: General$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aStatistics$2imf 606 $aEconometric and Statistical Methods: General$2imf 606 $aMethodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data$2imf 606 $aData Access$2imf 606 $aMeasurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth$2imf 606 $aEnvironmental Accounts$2imf 606 $aMonetary Systems$2imf 606 $aStandards$2imf 606 $aRegimes$2imf 606 $aGovernment and the Monetary System$2imf 606 $aPayment Systems$2imf 606 $aGeneral Aggregative Models: General$2imf 606 $aInvestment$2imf 606 $aCapital$2imf 606 $aIntangible Capital$2imf 606 $aCapacity$2imf 606 $aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology$2imf 606 $aComputer Programs: Other$2imf 606 $aCurrent Account Adjustment$2imf 606 $aShort-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aEconometrics & economic statistics$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aCurrencies$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aGross fixed investment$2imf 606 $aGovernment finance statistics$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments statistics$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aEconomic and financial statistics$2imf 606 $aNational income$2imf 606 $aSaving and investment$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 7$aBusiness & Economics 615 7$aEconomic Theory 615 7$aInvestments: General 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aStatistics 615 7$aEconometric and Statistical Methods: General 615 7$aMethodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data 615 7$aData Access 615 7$aMeasurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth 615 7$aEnvironmental Accounts 615 7$aMonetary Systems 615 7$aStandards 615 7$aRegimes 615 7$aGovernment and the Monetary System 615 7$aPayment Systems 615 7$aGeneral Aggregative Models: General 615 7$aInvestment 615 7$aCapital 615 7$aIntangible Capital 615 7$aCapacity 615 7$aData Collection and Data Estimation Methodology 615 7$aComputer Programs: Other 615 7$aCurrent Account Adjustment 615 7$aShort-term Capital Movements 615 7$aEconometrics & economic statistics 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aCurrencies 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aGross fixed investment 615 7$aGovernment finance statistics 615 7$aBalance of payments statistics 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aEconomic and financial statistics 615 7$aNational income 615 7$aSaving and investment 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aBalance of payments 676 $a339 700 $aGonzalez-Garcia$b Jesus$01491219 701 $aPastor Campos$b Gonzalo$01491220 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788348803321 996 $aBenford?s Law and Macroeconomic Data Quality$93712967 997 $aUNINA