LEADER 06603oam 22013454 450 001 9910788339203321 005 20230721045656.0 010 $a1-4623-2651-X 010 $a1-4527-9043-4 010 $a9786612842825 010 $a1-4518-7208-9 010 $a1-282-84282-X 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055222 035 $a(EBL)1608221 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000939963 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11592410 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000939963 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10948120 035 $a(PQKB)10240813 035 $a(OCoLC)467298260 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608221 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009061 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055222 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aUniversal Health Care 101 : $eLessons for the Eastern Caribbean and Beyond /$fEvridiki Tsounta 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (37 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1643-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. What are the Available Financing Options for Universal Health Care?; III. The Challenges of Population Aging and the Epidemiological Transition; IV. What Would Be the Optimal Tax: General Taxation Versus Mandatory Payroll/ Social Security Contributions?; V. Providing Universal Coverage: A Single Provider or Numerous Providers?; Boxes; 1. National Health Insurance in Taiwan Province of China (POC); VI. Designing the Benefit Package; 2. The Targeting of Health Services to the Poor: An International Perspective 327 $aVII. Preconditions for Successfully Implementing Health Care Reforms3. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 4. Examples of Planning and Gradually Extending Universal Health Care: Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. Selected Countries with Universal Health Care; 2. Selected Caribbean Countries Planning Universal Health Care Coverage; 3. ECCU: Official Development Assistance for Health, 1973-2005; Figures; 1. ECCU: Long-Term Health Care Costs, 2005-35; 2. ECCU: Diabetes Prevalence by Age Group, 2000-30 327 $a3. ECCU: Cost of Treating Diabetes, 2000-30Appendices; I. Proposed Universal Health Care System in St. Lucia; II. Projecting Long-term Health Care Costs Due to Population Aging; III. Estimating Age-adjusted Health Spending 330 3 $aDespite the increasing interest in universal health care, little is known about the optimal way to finance, design, and implement it. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing some general policy recommendations on this important issue. While most of the paper addresses the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries, its policy implications are applicable to any country. The paper finds that the best financing option is country-specific depending on a country?s economic, cultural, institutional, demographic and epidemiological characteristics, as well as political economy considerations. However, taxation should be the primary financing source. It also concludes that an appropriate and realistic benefit package would need to be designed to ensure the system?s financial viability. Regarding the optimal way to implement universal health care, certain preconditions are needed, including sound public administration, a small informal economy, and a transparent health financing system that builds social consensus. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/061 606 $aMedical economics 606 $aMedical care, Cost of 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aHealth Policy$2imf 606 $aDemography$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Health$2imf 606 $aAnalysis of Health Care Markets$2imf 606 $aHealth: Government Policy$2imf 606 $aRegulation$2imf 606 $aPublic Health$2imf 606 $aHealth: General$2imf 606 $aPersonal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Elderly$2imf 606 $aEconomics of the Handicapped$2imf 606 $aNon-labor Market Discrimination$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aHealth systems & services$2imf 606 $aHealth economics$2imf 606 $aWelfare & benefit systems$2imf 606 $aPopulation & demography$2imf 606 $aHealth care spending$2imf 606 $aHealth care$2imf 606 $aHealth$2imf 606 $aSocial security contributions$2imf 606 $aAging$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aPopulation and demographics$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 606 $aMedical care$2imf 606 $aSocial security$2imf 606 $aPopulation aging$2imf 607 $aTaiwan Province of China$2imf 615 0$aMedical economics. 615 0$aMedical care, Cost of. 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aHealth Policy 615 7$aDemography 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Health 615 7$aAnalysis of Health Care Markets 615 7$aHealth: Government Policy 615 7$aRegulation 615 7$aPublic Health 615 7$aHealth: General 615 7$aPersonal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies 615 7$aEconomics of the Elderly 615 7$aEconomics of the Handicapped 615 7$aNon-labor Market Discrimination 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aHealth systems & services 615 7$aHealth economics 615 7$aWelfare & benefit systems 615 7$aPopulation & demography 615 7$aHealth care spending 615 7$aHealth care 615 7$aHealth 615 7$aSocial security contributions 615 7$aAging 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aPopulation and demographics 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 615 7$aMedical care 615 7$aSocial security 615 7$aPopulation aging 700 $aTsounta$b Evridiki$01493448 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788339203321 996 $aUniversal Health Care 101$93716443 997 $aUNINA