LEADER 05208oam 22011894 450 001 9910788336003321 005 20230721045735.0 010 $a1-4623-7898-6 010 $a1-4527-2383-4 010 $a9786612843099 010 $a1-4518-7236-4 010 $a1-282-84309-5 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055254 035 $a(EBL)1608269 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000941191 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11967067 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941191 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10964074 035 $a(PQKB)11229941 035 $a(OCoLC)586109526 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1608269 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4954852 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4954852 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL284309 035 $a(OCoLC)732599799 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2009089 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055254 100 $a20020129d2009 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aGlobal Imbalances and Petrodollars /$fFuad Hasanov, Rabah Arezki 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009. 215 $a1 online resource (27 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1671-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Evolution of Current Account; II. The Global Imbalances Debate; III. Empirical Investigation; A. Stylized Facts; 2. Evolution of Oil Exporters' Current Account and Fiscal Balance: Twin Surpluses; 3. Evolution of Fiscal Balance; 4. NFA, Current Account, and Spending in Oil-Exporting Countries; B. Empirical Specification, Data, and Estimators; 5. Fiscal Balance, Revenues, and Spending in Oil-Exporting Countries; C. Estimation Results; Tables; 1. Current Account Estimations (1980-2007, Annual); D. Robustness 327 $a2. Current Account Estimations: Oil Exporters, GMM (1980-2007, Annual)3. Current Account Estimations (1980-2007, 4-year average); IV. Concluding Remarks; References; Appendices; I. Data Description and Sources; II. GMM Estimators; Appendix III Tables; A1. Current Account Estimations: Total Sample (With Outliers, 1980-2007, Annual); A2. Current Account Estimations: Oil Exporters, Pooled OLS (1980-2007, Annual); A3. Current Account Estimations: Oil Exporters, FE (1980-2007, Annual) 330 3 $aOil exporters have run large current account surpluses. We explore oil exporters' role in our understanding and the resolution of global imbalances. Current account dynamics are estimated for oil-exporting countries and the rest of the world. We find that fiscal policy has a much stronger effect on current account of oil exporters than on current account of other countries. The current account adjustment of oil-exporting countries is also faster than that of other countries. We conclude that a change in fiscal policy of oil exporters can have significant and speedy impact on global imbalances. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/089 606 $aFinancial crises 606 $aRegional economic disparities 606 $aInvestments: Energy$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aCurrent Account Adjustment$2imf 606 $aShort-term Capital Movements$2imf 606 $aEnergy: General$2imf 606 $aEnergy: Demand and Supply$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aFiscal Policy$2imf 606 $aEmpirical Studies of Trade$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aInvestment & securities$2imf 606 $aCurrent account$2imf 606 $aOil$2imf 606 $aOil prices$2imf 606 $aFiscal stance$2imf 606 $aTerms of trade$2imf 606 $aBalance of payments$2imf 606 $aPetroleum industry and trade$2imf 606 $aFiscal policy$2imf 606 $aEconomic policy$2imf 606 $anternational cooperation$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aFinancial crises. 615 0$aRegional economic disparities. 615 7$aInvestments: Energy 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aCurrent Account Adjustment 615 7$aShort-term Capital Movements 615 7$aEnergy: General 615 7$aEnergy: Demand and Supply 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aFiscal Policy 615 7$aEmpirical Studies of Trade 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aInvestment & securities 615 7$aCurrent account 615 7$aOil 615 7$aOil prices 615 7$aFiscal stance 615 7$aTerms of trade 615 7$aBalance of payments 615 7$aPetroleum industry and trade 615 7$aFiscal policy 615 7$aEconomic policy 615 7$anternational cooperation 676 $a382.17 700 $aHasanov$b Fuad$01472696 701 $aArezki$b Rabah$01472682 712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund. 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788336003321 996 $aGlobal Imbalances and Petrodollars$93685565 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05097nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910784731403321 005 20230828231547.0 010 $a1-281-91929-2 010 $a9786611919290 010 $a981-277-412-2 035 $a(CKB)1000000000405398 035 $a(EBL)1681559 035 $a(OCoLC)879025448 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000145950 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11146578 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000145950 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10182755 035 $a(PQKB)10235215 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1681559 035 $a(WSP)00006047 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1681559 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10201474 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL191929 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000405398 100 $a20061204d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aEmerging therapeutic ultrasound$b[electronic resource] /$feditors: Junru Wu, Wesley Nyborg 210 $aHackensack, N.J. $cWorld Scientific$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (364 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a981-256-685-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents ; Contributors ; Preface ; 1. Preamble ; References ; 2. Mechanisms for Bioeffects of Ultrasound Relevant to Therapeutic Applications ; 1 Introduction ; 1.1 General considerations ; 1.2 Traveling plane wave ; 2 Thermal Considerations 327 $a2.1 Temperature distributions: One dimension 2.2 Acoustic pressure distributions: Three dimensions ; 2.2.1 Piston in a baffle ; 2.2.2 Small source ; 2.2.3 Acoustic field on the axis of a piston source ; 2.2.4 Other situations ; 2.3 Biological effects of heat: Reaction kinetics 327 $a3 Acoustic Radiation Force and Related Topics 3.1 Intensity and power ; 3.2 Radiation force and radiation pressure ; 3.3 Radiation force on small particles ; 4 Acoustic Streaming and Acoustic Radiation Torque ; 4.1 Quartz-wind streaming ; 4.2 Near-boundary streaming ; 5 Activation of Gas Bodies 327 $aCavitation Bubbles ; 5.1 Bubble dynamics; moderate amplitudes ; 5.2 Heating ; 5.3 Bubble growth ; 5.4 Radiation force on a small gas body in a plane traveling wave ; 5.5 Radiation force on a small gas body in a plane standing wave 327 $a5.6 Radiation force between two small gas bodies in a sound field 5.7 Radiation force on a particle near a small gas body ; 5.8 Role of gas bodies in acoustic streaming and microstreaming ; 6 Nonlinearity ; 6.1 Nonlinear propagation and some of its implications ; 6.2 Nonlinear activation of gas bodies 327 $ainertial cavitation 330 $a With contributions by internationally re-knowned authorities and experts in the field of ultrasonic imaging, this book provides comprehensive reviews on basic physical principles and applications of emerging and rapidly developing therapeutic techniques. In specific, reviews of mechanisms for bioeffects of ultrasound relevant to therapeutic applications, high intensity focused ultrasound and its application in surgery, ultrasound assisted target drug and gene delivery, as well as transdermal drug delivery are discussed. The book will be a useful reference source for graduate students, acade 606 $aUltrasonic waves$xTherapeutic use 606 $aUltrasonics in medicine 615 0$aUltrasonic waves$xTherapeutic use. 615 0$aUltrasonics in medicine. 676 $a616.07/54 676 $a616.0754 701 $aNyborg$b Wesley Le Mars$f1917-$01557417 701 $aWu$b Junru$01557418 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910784731403321 996 $aEmerging therapeutic ultrasound$93820915 997 $aUNINA