LEADER 05290oam 22011174 450 001 9910788240103321 005 20230721045648.0 010 $a1-4623-6892-1 010 $a1-4527-1680-3 010 $a1-282-84049-5 010 $a1-4518-6955-X 010 $a9786612840494 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055002 035 $a(EBL)1607839 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000944148 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11518476 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944148 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10982384 035 $a(PQKB)10277899 035 $a(OCoLC)815737085 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607839 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008094 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055002 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aInformality and Bank Credit : $eEvidence from Firm-Level Data /$fJunko Koeda, Era Dabla-Norris 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (39 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/94 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1409-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Analytical Framework; III. Empirical Strategy and Results; A. Empirical Model; B. Data and Summary Statistics; C. Empirical Results; D. Robustness Tests; IV. Conclusions; Tables; 1. Summary Statistics; 2. Correlation Matrix; 3. Baseline Regression; 4. Access to Credit and Informality: Impact of Business Environment; 5. Informality, Access to Credit, and Business Environment: Interaction Effects; 6. Access to Credit and Informality: Impact of Institutional Development; 7. Informality, Access to Credit, and Business Environment: Interaction Effects 327 $a8. Extended Regressions: Firm Transparency and Performance9. Interaction Regressions: Informality, Firm Transparency, and Firm Performance; 10. Instrumental Variables Regression; Appendices; I. Solving the Model; II. Countries in the Sample; III. Variables and Sources; References 330 3 $aThe paper relies on a firm-level data on transition economies to examine the relationship between informality and bank credit. We find evidence that informality is robustly and significantly associated with lower access to and use of bank credit. We also find that higher tax compliance costs reduce firms' reliance on bank credit, while a stronger quality of the legal environment is associated with higher access to credit even for financially opaque informal firms. An interactive term between a country-wide measure of tax compliance costs and the level of informal activity is negative and significant, suggesting that the negative association between informality and bank credit is stronger in countries with weak tax administration. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/094 606 $aBank loans$xEconometric models 606 $aInformal sector (Economics)$xEconometric models 606 $aBusiness enterprises$xFinance$xEconometric models 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General$2imf 606 $aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aBank credit$2imf 606 $aCredit$2imf 606 $aLegal support in revenue administration$2imf 606 $aTax administration core functions$2imf 606 $aRevenue$2imf 606 $aTax administration and procedure$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 607 $aEstonia, Republic of$2imf 615 0$aBank loans$xEconometric models. 615 0$aInformal sector (Economics)$xEconometric models. 615 0$aBusiness enterprises$xFinance$xEconometric models. 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General 615 7$aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aBank credit 615 7$aCredit 615 7$aLegal support in revenue administration 615 7$aTax administration core functions 615 7$aRevenue 615 7$aTax administration and procedure 615 7$aBanks and banking 676 $a332.1753 700 $aKoeda$b Junko$0888389 701 $aDabla-Norris$b Era$01462136 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788240103321 996 $aInformality and Bank Credit$93673510 997 $aUNINA