LEADER 04277oam  22009734  450 
001 9910788238403321
005 20230721045623.0
010   $a1-4623-7598-7
010   $a1-4527-1780-X
010   $a1-4518-6977-0
010   $a9786612840715
010   $a1-282-84071-1
035   $a(CKB)3170000000055023
035   $a(EBL)1607868
035   $a(SSID)ssj0000943985
035   $a(PQKBManifestationID)11559067
035   $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943985
035   $a(PQKBWorkID)10983250
035   $a(PQKB)11326098
035   $a(OCoLC)276785198
035   $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607868
035   $a(IMF)WPIEE2008117
035   $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055023
100   $a20020129d2008      uf             0
101 0 $aeng
135   $aur|n|---|||||
181   $ctxt
182   $cc
183   $acr
200 10$aCalculating Sustainable Non-mineral Balances as Benchmarks for Fiscal Policy : $eThe Case of Botswana /$fJens Clausen
210  1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008.
215   $a1 online resource (17 p.)
225 1 $aIMF Working Papers
225  0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/117
300   $aDescription based upon print version of record.
311   $a1-4519-1431-8 
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references.
327   $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Fiscal Policy in Resource-Rich Countries:; A. International Experience; B. The Permanent Income Hypothesis; C. Mathematical Representation of How to Calculate Benchmarks; III. The Case of Botswana; A. Background; B. Calculating Sustainable Non-mineral Balances for Botswana; Figures; 1 Botswana: Mineral Revenues, Annuity, and Asset Accumulation; Table; 1. Botswana: Fiscal Sustainability Benchmarks; C. Sensitivity Analysis; 2. Botswana: Sensitivity Analysis for Benchmarked Balances; 3. Botswana: Mineral Revenues, Annuity, and Asset Accumulation; IV. Conclusions
327   $aReferences
330 3 $aAssuming a social welfare function that smoothes expenditure, this paper calculates a sustainability benchmark for the non-mineral balance in Botswana that is based on a notion of a "permanent income" from non-renewable resources. It is derived by constructing a hypothetical annuity from revenues from these resources, which is held constant in terms of GDP. Botswana is an interesting case because current projections suggest that diamond resources could be largely exhausted within a generation.
410  0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/117
606   $aFiscal policy$zBotswana
606   $aRevenue$zBotswana
606   $aMacroeconomics$2imf
606   $aPublic Finance$2imf
606   $aNatural Resources$2imf
606   $aNonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General$2imf
606   $aFiscal Policy$2imf
606   $aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions$2imf
606   $aAgricultural and Natural Resource Economics$2imf
606   $aEnvironmental and Ecological Economics: General$2imf
606   $aEnvironmental management$2imf
606   $aNon-renewable resources$2imf
606   $aFiscal policy$2imf
606   $aFiscal stance$2imf
606   $aPersonal income$2imf
606   $aNatural resources$2imf
606   $aIncome$2imf
607   $aBotswana$xEconomic conditions$y1966-
607   $aBotswana$2imf
615  0$aFiscal policy
615  0$aRevenue
615  7$aMacroeconomics
615  7$aPublic Finance
615  7$aNatural Resources
615  7$aNonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
615  7$aFiscal Policy
615  7$aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
615  7$aAgricultural and Natural Resource Economics
615  7$aEnvironmental and Ecological Economics: General
615  7$aEnvironmental management
615  7$aNon-renewable resources
615  7$aFiscal policy
615  7$aFiscal stance
615  7$aPersonal income
615  7$aNatural resources
615  7$aIncome
676   $a339.09689709049
700   $aClausen$b Jens$01485210
801  0$bDcWaIMF
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910788238403321
996   $aCalculating Sustainable Non-mineral Balances as Benchmarks for Fiscal Policy$93704213
997   $aUNINA