LEADER 05431oam 22011774 450 001 9910788237903321 005 20230721045639.0 010 $a1-4623-5176-X 010 $a1-4527-3495-X 010 $a9786612841019 010 $a1-282-84101-7 010 $a1-4518-7008-6 035 $a(CKB)3170000000055028 035 $a(EBL)1607874 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000944042 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11503140 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000944042 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10978600 035 $a(PQKB)11273811 035 $a(OCoLC)762076576 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607874 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2008150 035 $a(EXLCZ)993170000000055028 100 $a20020129d2008 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aForeign Reserve Adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2008. 215 $a1 online resource (38 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/08/150 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4519-1461-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aContents; I. Introduction; II. Foreign Reserves in sub-Saharan Africa; Figures; 1. Reserves in Months of Imports; Tables; 1. Comparisons of International Reserves Across Regions, 1995-07; III. Shocks Facing Sub-Saharan Africa; 3. Reserves to Short-Term Debt <2, 2007; 4. Frequency Distributions of Key Parameters; 5. Frequency Distributions of Key Parameters; 6. Response of Key Macro Economic Variables to a Large TOT Schock; 7. Response of Key Macroeconomic Variables to a Large Aid Shock; IV. Small Open Economy with Two Goods; V. Simulation Results 327 $a8. Optimal Reserve Behavior - Jeanne-Ranciere v.s. Two-Good9. Path of Consumption-Ranciere vs. Two-Good Model; 10. Optimal Reserve Behavior-Two Good Model with both TOT and Aid Shock [I]; 11. Optimal Reserve Behavior-Two Good Model with both TOT and Aid Shock [II]; 12. Actual Level of Reserves to GDP ratio for SSA countries; 13. Sensitivity of Optimal Reserves to Key Parameters; 14. Sensitivity of Optimal Reserves to Key Parameters; 15. Reserve Adequacy for African Countries Using Two-Good Model /1; VI. Conclusion; 16. Country Specific Application-Illustrative Examples. 327 $aA1. Benchmark ParametersA2. Simulation Parameters for Countries; References; References 330 3 $aThis paper looks at the question of adequacy of reserves in sub-Saharan African countries in light of the shocks faced by these countries. Literature on optimal reserves so far has not paid attention to the particular shocks facing low-income countries. We use a two-good endowment economy model facing terms of trade and aid shocks to derive the optimal level of reserves by comparing the cost of holding reserves with their benefits as an insurance against a shock. We find that the optimal level of reserves depends upon the size of these shocks, their probability, and the output cost associated with them,. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2008/150 606 $aForeign exchange$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan$xEconometric models 606 $aBank reserves$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan$xEconometric models 606 $aForeign exchange$xEconometric models 606 $aBank reserves$xEconometric models 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aEmpirical Studies of Trade$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy$2imf 606 $aForeign Aid$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aTerms of trade$2imf 606 $aConsumption$2imf 606 $aInternational reserves$2imf 606 $aAid flows$2imf 606 $aTrade balance$2imf 606 $aEconomic policy$2imf 606 $anternational cooperation$2imf 606 $aEconomics$2imf 606 $aForeign exchange reserves$2imf 606 $aEconomic assistance$2imf 606 $aBalance of trade$2imf 607 $aCongo, Democratic Republic of the$2imf 615 0$aForeign exchange$xEconometric models. 615 0$aBank reserves$xEconometric models. 615 0$aForeign exchange$xEconometric models. 615 0$aBank reserves$xEconometric models. 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aEmpirical Studies of Trade 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aWealth 615 7$aMonetary Policy 615 7$aForeign Aid 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aTerms of trade 615 7$aConsumption 615 7$aInternational reserves 615 7$aAid flows 615 7$aTrade balance 615 7$aEconomic policy 615 7$anternational cooperation 615 7$aEconomics 615 7$aForeign exchange reserves 615 7$aEconomic assistance 615 7$aBalance of trade 676 $a332.410967 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910788237903321 996 $aForeign Reserve Adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa$93704208 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04179nam 2200985Ia 450 001 9910792041603321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-520-95456-4 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520954564 035 $a(CKB)2560000000101487 035 $a(EBL)1215498 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000153688 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11178378 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000153688 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10405827 035 $a(PQKB)10928251 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000141558 035 $a(DE-B1597)519852 035 $a(OCoLC)842887597 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520954564 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1215498 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10687979 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL478869 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1215498 035 $a(EXLCZ)992560000000101487 100 $a19960206d1997 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe fate of place$b[electronic resource] $ea philosophical history /$fEdward S. Casey 210 $aBerkeley $cUniversity of California Press$dc1997 215 $a1 online resource (507 p.) 300 $a"A Centennial Book"--P. ii. 311 $a0-520-27603-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 343-477) and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tContents --$tPreface: Disappearing Places --$tAcknowledgments --$tPart One. From Void to Vessel --$tPart Two. From Place to Space --$tPart Three. The Supremacy of Space --$tPart Four. The Reappearance of Place --$tNotes --$tIndex 330 $aIn this imaginative and comprehensive study, Edward Casey, one of the most incisive interpreters of the Continental philosophical tradition, offers a philosophical history of the evolving conceptualizations of place and space in Western thought. Not merely a presentation of the ideas of other philosophers, The Fate of Place is acutely sensitive to silences, absences, and missed opportunities in the complex history of philosophical approaches to space and place. A central theme is the increasing neglect of place in favor of space from the seventh century A.D. onward, amounting to the virtual exclusion of place by the end of the eighteenth century.Casey begins with mythological and religious creation stories and the theories of Plato and Aristotle and then explores the heritage of Neoplatonic, medieval, and Renaissance speculations about space. He presents an impressive history of the birth of modern spatial conceptions in the writings of Newton, Descartes, Leibniz, and Kant and delineates the evolution of twentieth-century phenomenological approaches in the work of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, Bachelard, and Heidegger. In the book's final section, Casey explores the postmodern theories of Foucault, Derrida, Tschumi, Deleuze and Guattari, and Irigaray. 606 $aPlace (Philosophy) 606 $aSpace and time 610 $aaristotle. 610 $abachelard. 610 $aconcept of place. 610 $aconcept of space. 610 $acontemporary thought. 610 $acontinental philosophy. 610 $acreation stories. 610 $adeleuze. 610 $aderrida. 610 $adescartes. 610 $afoucault. 610 $aguattari. 610 $aheidegger. 610 $ahistorical. 610 $ahistory of thought. 610 $ahusserl. 610 $airigaray. 610 $akant. 610 $aleibniz. 610 $amerleau ponty. 610 $amythology. 610 $anewton. 610 $anonfiction study. 610 $aphenomenological approaches. 610 $aphilosophers. 610 $aphilosophical. 610 $aphilosophy theory. 610 $aplato. 610 $areligion. 610 $aspeculations. 610 $atschumi. 610 $awestern philosophy. 610 $awestern thought. 615 0$aPlace (Philosophy) 615 0$aSpace and time. 676 $a114 700 $aCasey$b Edward S.$f1939-$0256302 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910792041603321 996 $aThe fate of place$93809302 997 $aUNINA