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010   $a9786612843877
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035   $a(IMF)WPIEE2009176
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100   $a20020129d2009      uf             0
101 0 $aeng
135   $aur|n|---|||||
181   $ctxt
182   $cc
183   $acr
200 10$aTourism Specialization and Economic Development : $eEvidence from the UNESCO World Heritage List /$fJohn Piotrowski, Rabah Arezki, Reda Cherif
210  1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2009.
215   $a1 online resource (26 p.)
225 1 $aIMF Working Papers
300   $a"July 2009."
311   $a1-4519-1749-X 
320   $aIncludes bibliographical references.
327   $aContents; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Economic Growth and Tourism Specialization; II. UNESCO World Heritage List as An Instrument for Tourism Specialization; 2. UNESCO World Heritage Around the World; Tables; 1. Regional and Historical Distribution of World Heritage Sites (2002); 2. Correlation Between Total UNESCO World Heritage Sites and Average UN Voting Coincidence, 1980-2000; III. Empirical Investigation; A. Data and Specification; B. Results; 3. Benchmark Regressions; C. Robustness; IV. Conclusion; Appendixes; I. Data Description and Sources; Appendix Tables; 1. Data Description
327   $a2. Countries Included in the SampleII. Additional Robustness Checks; 3. Robustness using Various WHL; 4. Robustness to Using Only Cultural Sites; 5. Robustness to Removing various Centuries from the WHL; 6. Robustness to Using Additional Instruments for Tourism; 7. Robustness to using Different Measures of GDP; References
330 3 $aThe present paper investigates whether tourism specialization is a viable strategy for development. We estimate standard growth equations augmented with a variable measuring tourism specialization using instrumental variables techniques for a large cross-section of countries for the period 1980-2002. We introduce an instrument for tourism based on the UNESCO World Heritage List. We find that there is a positive relationship between the extent of tourism specialization and economic growth. An increase of one standard deviation in the share of tourism in exports leads to about 0.5 percentage point in additional annual growth, everything else being constant. Our result holds against a large array of robustness checks.
410  0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2009/176
606   $aTourism
606   $aEconomic development
606   $aForeign Exchange$2imf
606   $aMacroeconomics$2imf
606   $aPublic Finance$2imf
606   $aIndustries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism$2imf
606   $aSports$2imf
606   $aGambling$2imf
606   $aRestaurants$2imf
606   $aRecreation$2imf
606   $aTourism$2imf
606   $aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions$2imf
606   $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf
606   $aEducation: General$2imf
606   $aHospitality, leisure & tourism industries$2imf
606   $aCurrency$2imf
606   $aForeign exchange$2imf
606   $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf
606   $aEducation$2imf
606   $aPurchasing power parity$2imf
606   $aPersonal income$2imf
606   $aPublic expenditure review$2imf
606   $aIncome$2imf
606   $aExpenditures, Public$2imf
607   $aUnited States$2imf
615  0$aTourism.
615  0$aEconomic development.
615  7$aForeign Exchange
615  7$aMacroeconomics
615  7$aPublic Finance
615  7$aIndustries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism
615  7$aSports
615  7$aGambling
615  7$aRestaurants
615  7$aRecreation
615  7$aTourism
615  7$aPersonal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
615  7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
615  7$aEducation: General
615  7$aHospitality, leisure & tourism industries
615  7$aCurrency
615  7$aForeign exchange
615  7$aPublic finance & taxation
615  7$aEducation
615  7$aPurchasing power parity
615  7$aPersonal income
615  7$aPublic expenditure review
615  7$aIncome
615  7$aExpenditures, Public
676   $a301.24
700   $aPiotrowski$b John$01485135
701   $aArezki$b Rabah$01472682
701   $aCherif$b Reda$01485136
712 02$aIMF Institute.
712 02$aInternational Monetary Fund.$bFiscal Affairs Dept.
801  0$bDcWaIMF
906   $aBOOK
912   $a9910788229003321
996   $aTourism Specialization and Economic Development$93704119
997   $aUNINA