LEADER 05890oam 22007815 450 001 9910787317803321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9969-1 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9968-2 035 $a(CKB)2670000000395727 035 $a(EBL)1463587 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000916890 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11466135 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000916890 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10878356 035 $a(PQKB)11484565 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1463587 035 $a(DLC) 2013022172 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1463587 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10732004 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL546819 035 $a(OCoLC)858599186 035 $a(The World Bank)17761501 035 $a(US-djbf)17761501 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000395727 100 $a20130603d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aImproving skills development in the informal sector $estrategies for Sub-Saharan Africa /$fArvil V. Adams, Sara Johansson de Silva, and Setareh Razmar 210 1$aWashington, DC :$cThe World Bank,$d[2013] 215 $a1 online resource (pages cm) 225 0 $aDirections in development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-9968-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aFront Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Overview; Background; Figure O.1 Youth and Urban Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1985, 2010, and 2035; Figure O.2 Wage and Salaried Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1980s-2000s; Figures; Main Findings; Figure O.3 Distribution of Log Monthly Earnings by Formality Status in Nigeria; Figure O.4 Percentage of Population Belonging to the Three Poorest Consumption Quintiles in Formal, Informal, and Farm Sectors of Rwanda and Kenya; Figure O.5 Women Employed in Informal and Formal Sectors of Selected Countries 327 $aFigure O.6 Share of Population with Primary Levels of Education or More in the Formal and Informal SectorsFigure O.7 Employment by Education Level in Different Sectors of Tanzania; Figure O.8 Access to Apprenticeship across Groups in Ghana; Figure O.9 Predicted Probabilities by Educational Attainment in Rwanda; Figure O.10 Returns to Education for Wage Workers Compared with Nonwage Workers in Tanzania; Main Policy Recommendations; References; Chapter 1 Introduction; In This Chapter; Background; Public Interest in the Nonfarm Informal Sector 327 $aFigure 1.1 Informal Economy as a Percentage of GNP in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2006-07Figure 1.2 Youth and Urban Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1985, 2010, and 2035; Figure 1.3 Wage and Salaried Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1980s-2000s; Skills Play Different Roles in the Formal and Informal Sectors; Tables; Table 1.1 Self-Employment as a Percentage of All Nonfarm Employment and Women as a Percentage of Self-Employment, Latest Survey Year; Boxes; Box 1.1 Why Skills Development Differs in the Informal and Formal Sectors; What We Know about Skills and the Informal Sector 327 $aFigure 1.4 Percentage of Firms Offering Formal Training Programs for Permanent, Full-Time Employees, Latest Year AvailableObjectives and Structure of This Book; Notes; References; Part 1 Findings and Actions; Chapter 2 Employment in the Informal Sector; In This Chapter; Introduction; Table 2.1 Household Surveys Used for Analysis of the Informal Sector; Table 2.2 Differing Accessibility to Data for Classifying Employment in the Informal Sector among Countries and Their Household Surveys; A Profile of Those Employed; Table 2.3 Total Employmenta by Sector of Work 327 $aTable 2.4 Growth of Nonfarm Employment and Self-EmploymentFigure 2.1 Informal Sector Earnings Compared with Farm Sector Earnings in Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, and Rwanda; Figure 2.2 Distribution of Wages and Earnings in Ghana and Kenya; Figure 2.3 Urban Share of Formal and Informal Sector Work in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, and Kenya; Table 2.5 Distribution of Employed by Sector and Household Consumption Quintile, Rwanda and Kenya; Figure 2.4 Women's Share of Informal Sector Work by Area in Rwanda; Figure 2.5 Gender Distribution of Employment 327 $aTable 2.6 Main Reasons for Entering the Informal Sector in Tanzania 330 $aThe informal sector of Sub-Saharan Africa is comprised of small and household enterprises that operate in the non-farm sector outside the protected employment of the formal wage sector. The sector was identified 40 years ago by the ILO representing a pool of surplus labor that was expected to be absorbed by future industrialization, but rather than gradually disappearing, it has become a persistent feature of the region's economic landscape accounting for a majority of jobs created off the farm. Acknowledging its potential as a source of employment for the region's expanding workforce and impr 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aInformal sector (Economics)$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aSmall business$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aLabor$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aLabor market$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aVocational education$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 607 $aAfrica, Sub-Saharan$xEconomic policy 615 0$aInformal sector (Economics) 615 0$aSmall business 615 0$aLabor 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aVocational education 676 $a331 700 $aAdams$b Arvil V$0120925 701 $aSilva$b Sara Johansson de$01508357 701 $aRazmara$b Setareh$01508358 712 02$aWorld Bank. 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910787317803321 996 $aImproving skills development in the informal sector$93739706 997 $aUNINA