LEADER 05858nam 2200745 450 001 9910787132103321 005 20230803205928.0 010 $a90-272-6952-1 035 $a(CKB)3710000000271906 035 $a(EBL)1830822 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001368305 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12517051 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001368305 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11448947 035 $a(PQKB)10581379 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1830822 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1830822 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10967237 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL663008 035 $a(OCoLC)894554975 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000271906 100 $a20140711h20142014 uy| 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLexical bundles in native and non-native scientific writing $eapplying a corpus-based study to language teaching /$fDanica Salazar, University of Oxford 210 1$aAmsterdam ;$aPhiladelphia :$cJohn Benjamins Publishing Company,$d[2014] 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (222 p.) 225 1 $aStudies in corpus linguistics,$x1388-0373 ;$vvolume 65 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-31726-7 311 $a90-272-0373-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aLexical Bundles in Native and Non-native Scientific Writing; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; Acknowledgments; 0. Introduction, aims and scope; 1. Introduction; 2. Aims, scope and structure of the volume; Part 1. Lexical bundles in native and non-native scientific writing; 1. Theory and applications of phraseology and lexical bundles; 1. Distributional approaches to phraseology; 2. Lexical bundles; 2.1 Definition and characteristic features; 2.2 Fixedness, variation and compositionality; 2.3 Lexical bundle structures; 2.4 Lexical bundle functions 327 $a2.5 Rationale for the lexical bundle approach3. Phraseology and academic discourse; 3.1 Phraseological units as markers of register; 3.2 Phraseological units as markers of genre; 3.3 Phraseological units as markers of discipline; 3.4 Phraseological units as markers of academic competence; 4. Phraseology in language teaching and learning; 4.1 Impact of phraseology on fluency and pragmatic competence; 4.2 Resources for the teaching and learning of phraseology; 4.3 Issues of selection and prioritization; 4.4 Phraseology in learner corpora; 4.5 Issues of acquisition and development 327 $a4.6 Issues of classroom practice4.7 Way forward; 2. Investigating lexical bundles in biomedical research writing; 1. Corpus of published scientific writing; 2. Creating and analyzing the list of target lexical bundles; 2.1 Lexical bundle identification; 2.2 Mutual Information score; 2.3 Exclusion criteria; 2.4 Structural classification; 2.5 Functional classification; 2.6 Keyword and prototype analysis; 3. Comparison with the non-native corpus; 3.1 Corpus of non-native scientific writing; 3.2 Analysis of non-native scientific writing; 4. Concluding remarks; 3. Target bundles 327 $a1. Frequency of target bundles2. Structural characteristics of target bundles; 2.1 Noun structures; 2.2 Verb structures; 2.3 Prepositional-phrase fragments; 2.4 Other structures; 2.4.1 Verb or adjective + to-clause fragment; 2.4.2 Verb phrase or noun phrase + that-clause fragment; 2.4.3 Adverbial-clause fragment; 2.4.4 Copula be + adjective phrase; 2.4.5 Anticipatory it + verb or adjectival phrase; 2.4.6 Other adjectival phrases; 2.4.7 Other expressions; 3. Functions of target bundles; 3.1 Multifunctionality of lexical bundles; 3.2 Distribution of target-bundle functions 327 $a3.3 Research-oriented bundles3.4 Text-oriented bundles; 3.5 Participant-oriented bundles; 4. Concluding remarks; 4. Target bundles in non-native expert scientific writing; 1. Frequency of target bundles in the non-native corpus; 2. Structural characteristics of target bundles in the non-native corpus; 2.1 Noun structures; 2.2 Verb structures; 2.3 Prepositional-phrase fragments; 2.4 Other structures; 3. Functions of target bundles in the non-native corpus; 3.1 Research-oriented bundles; 3.2 Text-oriented bundles; 3.3 Participant-oriented bundles; 4. Concluding remarks 327 $aPart 2. Pedagogical applications of the study 330 $aThis book presents an investigation of lexical bundles in native and non-nativescientific writing in English, whose aim is to produce a frequency-derived, statistically- and qualitatively-refined list of the most pedagogically useful lexical bundles in scientific prose: one that can be sorted and filtered by frequency, key word, structure and function, and includes contextual information such as variations, authentic examples and usage notes. The first part of the volumediscusses the creation of this list based on a multimillion-word corpus of biomedical research writing and reveals the struct 410 0$aStudies in corpus linguistics ;$vv. 65. 606 $aLexical-functional grammar 606 $aAcademic writing$xStudy and teaching 606 $aTechnical writing$xStudy and teaching 606 $aPhraseology 606 $aApplied linguistics 606 $aSecond language acquisition 615 0$aLexical-functional grammar. 615 0$aAcademic writing$xStudy and teaching. 615 0$aTechnical writing$xStudy and teaching. 615 0$aPhraseology. 615 0$aApplied linguistics. 615 0$aSecond language acquisition. 676 $a415 700 $aSalazar$b Danica$0619769 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910787132103321 996 $aLexical bundles in native and non-native scientific writing$91078785 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05379nam 22006494a 450 001 9910831181203321 005 20170815121658.0 010 $a1-280-27632-0 010 $a9786610276325 010 $a0-470-02364-3 010 $a0-470-02363-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000357205 035 $a(EBL)239049 035 $a(OCoLC)78051926 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000111201 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11132929 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000111201 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10080534 035 $a(PQKB)10476138 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC239049 035 $a(PPN)243232462 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000357205 100 $a20041115d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBeyond VoIP protocols$b[electronic resource] $eunderstanding voice technology and networking techniques for IP telephony /$fOlivier Hersent, Jean-Pierre Petit, and David Gurle 210 $aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley$d2005 215 $a1 online resource (285 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-470-02362-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aBeyond VoIP Protocols Understanding Voice Technology and Networking Techniques for IP Telephony; Contents; Glossary; List of Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 The rebirth of VoIP; 1.2 Why beyond VoIP protocols?; 1.2.1 Selecting a voice coder; 1.2.2 Providing 'toll quality' . . . and more; 1.2.3 Controlling IP quality of service; 1.2.4 Dimensioning the network; 1.2.5 Unleashing the potential of multicast; 1.3 Scope of this book; 1.4 Intended audience; 1.5 Conclusion; 1.6 References; 2 Introduction to Speech-coding Techniques; 2.1 A primer on digital signal processing; 2.1.1 Introduction 327 $a2.1.2 Sampling and quantization2.1.3 The sampling theorem; 2.1.4 Quantization; 2.1.5 ITU G.711 A-law or ?-law, a basic coder at 64 kbit/s; 2.2 The basic tools of digital signal processing; 2.2.1 Why digital technology simplifies signal processing; 2.2.2 The Z transform and the transfer function; 2.2.3 Linear prediction for speech-coding schemes; 2.3 Overview of speech signals; 2.3.1 Narrow-band and wide-band encoding of audio signals; 2.3.2 Speech production: voiced, unvoiced, and plosive sounds; 2.3.3 A basic LPC vocoder: DOD LPC 10 327 $a2.3.4 Auditory perception used for speech and audio bitrate reduction2.4 Advanced voice coder algorithms; 2.4.1 Adaptive quantizers. NICAM and ADPCM coders; 2.4.2 Differential predictive quantization; 2.4.3 Long-term prediction for speech signal; 2.4.4 Vector quantization; 2.4.5 Entropy coding; 2.5 Waveform coders. ADPCM ITU-T G.726; 2.5.1 Coder specification . . . from digital test sequences to C code; 2.5.2 Embedded version of the G.726 ADPCM coder G.727; 2.5.3 Wide-band speech coding using a waveform-type coder; 2.6 Hybrids and analysis by synthesis (ABS) speech coders; 2.6.1 Principle 327 $a2.6.2 The GSM full-rate RPE-LTP speech coder (GSM 06.10)2.7 Codebook-excited linear predictive (CELP) coders; 2.7.1 ITU-T 8-kbit/s CS-ACELP G.729; 2.7.2 ITU-T G.723.1: dual-rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5.3 kbit/s and 6.3 kbit/s; 2.7.3 The low-delay CELP coding scheme: ITU-T G.728; 2.7.4 The AMR and AMR-WB coders; 2.8 Quality of speech coders; 2.8.1 Speech quality assessment; 2.8.2 ACR subjective test, mean opinion score (MOS); 2.8.3 Other methods of assessing speech quality; 2.8.4 Usage of MOS; 2.9 Conclusion on speech-coding techniques and their near future 327 $a2.9.1 The race for low-bitrate coders2.9.2 Optimization of source encoding and channel encoding; 2.9.3 The future; 2.10 References; 2.10.1 Articles; 2.10.2 Books; 2.11 Annexes; 2.11.1 Main characteristics of ITU-T standardized speech coders; 2.11.2 Main characteristics of cellular mobile standardized speech coders; 3 Voice Quality; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Reference VoIP media path; 3.3 Echo in a telephone network; 3.3.1 Talker echo, listener echo; 3.3.2 Electric echo; 3.3.3 Acoustic echo; 3.3.4 How to limit echo; 3.4 Delay; 3.4.1 Influence of the operating system 327 $a3.4.2 The influence of the jitter buffer policy on delay 330 $aIn 1999-2000, VoIP (Voice-over-IP) telephony was one of the most successful buzzwords of the telecom bubble era. However, in 2001-2003, VoIP faced a very tough reality check. Now, manufacturers and service providers are drawing on what they have learnt from past experience in order to prepare to participate in the next major challenge faced by the telecommunications industry. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the issues to solve in order to deploy global revenue-generating effective ""multimedia"" services. Drawing on extensive research and practical deployment experience i 606 $aInternet telephony 606 $aSpeech processing systems 615 0$aInternet telephony. 615 0$aSpeech processing systems. 676 $a004.62 676 $a621.385 700 $aHersent$b Olivier$028538 701 $aPetit$b Jean-Pierre$0340597 701 $aGurle$b David$028539 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910831181203321 996 $aBeyond VoIP protocols$94040398 997 $aUNINA