LEADER 05640oam 22007215 450 001 9910787086703321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a0-8213-9536-X 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-9535-6 035 $a(CKB)3710000000226821 035 $a(EBL)1785082 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001333850 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12570934 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001333850 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11393790 035 $a(PQKB)10874258 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1785082 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1785082 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10921767 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL644110 035 $a(OCoLC)890982223 035 $a(The World Bank)17223086 035 $a(US-djbf)17223086 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000226821 100 $a20120322d2012 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aStriving for better jobs : $ethe challenge of informality in the Middle East and North Africa /$fRoberta Gatti ... [and others] 210 1$aWashington DC :$cWorld Bank,$d2012. 215 $apages cm 225 0 $aDirections in development 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-322-12857-X 311 $a0-8213-9535-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. 327 $aFront Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Background; Understanding Informality; Figure O.1 Informality and Economic Development; Figures; Informality in MENA: Levels and Trends; Figure O.2 Informality in MENA Compared to Other Regions; Who Are Informal Workers?; Figure O.3 Informality Rates for Selected Non-Gulf Cooperation Council Members; Figure O.4 Annual Growth Rates of Informality; Figure O.5 Informality Rates by Quintile of Per Capita Consumption for Selected Countries 327 $aFigure O.6 Employment Status by Age for Selected Countries, Urban Areas Only Figure O.7 Informality Rates by Highest Educational Level Completed; Figure O.8 Informality and Firm Size; Informality among Firms; Figure O.9 Unregistered Firms, by Region; Figure O.10 Highest Level of Education of Managers in Formal and Informal Manufacturing Firms in Egypt, 2009; Informality in MENA: Exclusion or Choice?; Figure O.11 Transitions of Originally Informal Salaried Private Sector Male Workers; Figure O.12 Estimated Formality Premium by Gender in Different Countries 327 $aBarriers to Coverage and Policy Options Notes; References; Chapter 1 How Large Is Informality and Why Do We Care?; What Is Informality?; How to Measure Informality; Boxes; Box 1.1 Defining Informality; Tables; Table 1.1 Summary of Data and Definitions Used in This Report; Box 1.2 Main Definitions of Relevant Variables and Survey Questions from Data Available in MENA; Figure 1.1 Correlation among Most-Used Informality Indicators; Why Does Informality Matter?; Figure 1.2 Correlations among Different Definitions of Labor Informality (Worker's Side); Figure 1.3 Informality and Economic Development 327 $aFigure 1.4 Effect of Informality on Growth Informality in MENA; Figure 1.5 Employment and Unemployment Rates in MENA; Figure 1.6 Economic Growth and Employment Growth; Figure 1.7 Annual Population Growth Rates (%) (2005-2009); Figure 1.8 Sectoral Contribution to Annual Employment Growth in Typical MENA Country and Selected Other Countries, Average for 2000's; Figure 1.9 Prevalence of Informality in MENA versus Other Regions; Figure 1.10 Informality Rates for Selected Non-GCC Economies; What Causes Informality?; Figure 1.11 Annual Growth Rates of Informality 327 $aFigure 1.12 Correlation between Informality and Governance/Regulation Figure 1.13 Correlation between Informality and Education/Demographic Factors; Figure 1.14 Correlation between Informality and Government Size; Figure 1.15 Correlation between Informality and Indirect Labor Costs; Figure 1.16 Percentage Difference in Education and Youth Bulge with Respect to the World Median; Figure 1.17 Percentage Difference in Rural Population and Agricultural Output with Respect to the World Median; Conclusions; Figure 1.18 Percentage Difference in Public Employment with Respect to the World Median; Annex 327 $aAnnex Table 1A. 1 Sample Economies in the Informality Regression 330 $aWhile economic growth has been sustained for a number of years in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating low-quality, informal jobs. While there is a great deal of heterogeneity across countries, informality in MENA is widespread, and some countries in the region are amongst the most informal economies in the world. The book looks at informality through a human development angle and focuses specifically on informal employment. In line with this approach, the... 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aInformal sector (Economics)$zAfrica, North 606 $aInformal sector (Economics)$zMiddle East 606 $aLabor market$zAfrica, North 606 $aLabor market$zMiddle East 615 0$aInformal sector (Economics) 615 0$aInformal sector (Economics) 615 0$aLabor market 615 0$aLabor market 676 $a331 702 $aGatti$b Roberta 712 02$aWorld Bank, 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910787086703321 996 $aStriving for better jobs$93741476 997 $aUNINA