LEADER 04073nam 2200685 450 001 9910789038703321 005 20230803034332.0 010 $a0-7486-3331-6 010 $a0-7486-3190-9 024 7 $a10.1515/9780748631902 035 $a(CKB)3710000000086427 035 $a(EBL)1630402 035 $a(OCoLC)870651045 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001170017 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11645869 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001170017 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11167886 035 $a(PQKB)10527506 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1630402 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC5121560 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL5121560 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL732998 035 $a(OCoLC)903675047 035 $a(DE-B1597)616890 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780748631902 035 $a(OCoLC)1301548062 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000086427 100 $a20160125d2013|||| uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcnu|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aTwelver Shiism $eUnity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722 /$fAndrew J. Newman 210 1$aEdinburgh :$cEdinburgh University Press,$d2013. 215 $a1 online resource (278 p.) 225 1 $aThe New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-336-01713-9 311 $a0-7486-3330-8 327 $aTitle page; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Introduction; CHAPTER 1 Shiism fragmented: the faith and the faithful from the seventh to the ninth century ; CHAPTER 2 Bereft of a leader: The early traditionists and the beginnings of doctrine and practice ; CHAPTER 3 The challenge of 'the Uncertainty' ; CHAPTER 4 Majority and minority: rationalism on the defensive in the later Buyid period ; CHAPTER 5 Betwixt and between: the Twelvers and the Turks ; CHAPTER 6 The Mongol and Ilkhanid periods: the rise and limits of the school of al-Hilla ; CHAPTER 7 The severest of challenges 327 $aCHAPTER 8 Shiism in the sixteenth century: the limits of power (and influence) CHAPTER 9 The past rediscovered and the future assured: Shiism in the seventeenth century ; Epilogue; Appendix I Scholars by region: fifth-twelfth Islamic centuries/eleventh-eighteenth centuries ad* ; Appendix II Manuscript copies of key Twelver Shii written works, sixth-thirteenth Islamic centuries/twelfth-nineteenth centuries ad*; Appendix III Selected Safavid period rijal works* ; Appendix IV Shuruh/Hawashi of key Twelver works, sixth-twelfth Islamic centuries/twelfth-eighteenth centuries ad*; Bibliography 327 $aIndex 330 $aAs many as 40 different Shi`i groups existed in the 9th and 10th centuries yet only 3 forms have survived. Why is Twelver Shi`ism one of themAs the established faith in modern Iran, the majority faith in Iraq and areas in the Gulf and with its adherents forming sizeable minorities elsewhere in the region, Twelver Shi'ism is arguably the most successful branch of Shi'ism. Andrew J. Newman chronicles the progression of Twelver Shiism, exploring the numerous external challenges and internal disagreements that marked the lives of believers in pockets across the Middle East to the early 18th century. During this time, from the 13th to the 15th century especially, with scholarly activity and the availability of earlier key texts of the faith limited, the region's many millenarian doctrines and movements threatened its demise. Only by the late 17th century was Twelver Shiism's survival assured, both in Iran and elsewhere in the region. 410 4$aThe New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys 606 $aShåi°ah$xHistory 606 $aShåi°ah$xDoctrines$xHistory 606 $aImams (Shiites) 615 0$aShåi°ah$xHistory 615 0$aShåi°ah$xDoctrines$xHistory 615 0$aImams (Shiites) 676 $a297.8209 700 $aNewman$b Andrew J$0772147 801 0$bAU-PeEL 801 1$bAU-PeEL 801 2$bAU-PeEL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910789038703321 996 $aTwelver Shiism$93771586 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05573nam 2200913Ia 450 001 9910786879803321 005 20220929182938.0 010 $a1-78402-467-8 010 $a0-520-95506-4 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520955066 035 $a(CKB)2670000000358006 035 $a(EBL)1190428 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000971117 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11933041 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000971117 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10928994 035 $a(PQKB)11226249 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1190428 035 $a(DE-B1597)521066 035 $a(OCoLC)1105850228 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520955066 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1190428 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10704704 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL491800 035 $a(OCoLC)846551594 035 $a(PPN)179905988 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000358006 100 $a20121119d2013 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurnn#---|u||u 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFood politics$b[electronic resource] $ehow the food industry influences nutrition and health /$fMarion Nestle ; foreword by Michael Pollan 205 $aRevised and expanded 10th anniversary ed. 210 $aBerkeley, Calif. $cUniversity of California Press$d2013 215 $a1 online resource (534 p.) 225 1 $aCalifornia studies in food and culture ;$v3 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 0 $a0-520-27596-9 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 425-486) and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tCONTENTS --$tForeword --$tPreface to the Tenth Anniversary Edition --$tPreface to the First Edition --$tIntroduction: The Food Industry and "Eat More" --$tPART ONE. UNDERMINING DIETARY ADVICE --$tPART TWO. WORKING THE SYSTEM --$tPART THREE. EXPLOITING KIDS, CORRUPTING SCHOOLS --$tPART FOUR. DEREGULATING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS --$tPART FIVE. INVENTING TECHNO-FOODS --$tConclusion: The Politics of Food Choice --$tAfterword: Food Politics: Five Years Later and Beyond --$tAppendix: Issues in Nutrition and Nutrition Research --$tNotes --$tList of Tables --$tList of Figures --$tIndex 330 $aWe all witness, in advertising and on supermarket shelves, the fierce competition for our food dollars. In this engrossing exposé, Marion Nestle goes behind the scenes to reveal how the competition really works and how it affects our health. The abundance of food in the United States--enough calories to meet the needs of every man, woman, and child twice over--has a downside. Our over-efficient food industry must do everything possible to persuade people to eat more--more food, more often, and in larger portions--no matter what it does to waistlines or well-being. Like manufacturing cigarettes or building weapons, making food is big business. Food companies in 2000 generated nearly 9 00 billion in sales. They have stakeholders to please, shareholders to satisfy, and government regulations to deal with. It is nevertheless shocking to learn precisely how food companies lobby officials, co-opt experts, and expand sales by marketing to children, members of minority groups, and people in developing countries. We learn that the food industry plays politics as well as or better than other industries, not least because so much of its activity takes place outside the public view. Editor of the 1988 Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health, Nestle is uniquely qualified to lead us through the maze of food industry interests and influences. She vividly illustrates food politics in action: watered-down government dietary advice, schools pushing soft drinks, diet supplements promoted as if they were First Amendment rights. When it comes to the mass production and consumption of food, strategic decisions are driven by economics--not science, not common sense, and certainly not health. No wonder most of us are thoroughly confused about what to eat to stay healthy.An accessible and balanced account, Food Politics will forever change the way we respond to food industry marketing practices. By explaining how much the food industry influences government nutrition policies and how cleverly it links its interests to those of nutrition experts, this path-breaking book helps us understand more clearly than ever before what we eat and why. 410 0$aCalifornia studies in food and culture ;$v3. 606 $aFood industry and trade$zUnited States 606 $aFood$xMarketing$xMoral and ethical aspects$zUnited States 606 $aNutrition policy$zUnited States 606 $aFood Industry 610 $aBig food. 610 $aconsumerism. 610 $adietary advice. 610 $aeconomics and public health. 610 $afood advertising. 610 $afood history. 610 $agastronomy. 610 $agovernment regulations. 610 $ahuge portions. 610 $aobesity. 610 $aover-efficiency. 610 $apolitical awareness. 610 $aportion control. 610 $apsychology. 610 $apublic school lunches. 610 $asocial activism. 610 $asociology. 610 $asoft drinks. 615 0$aFood industry and trade 615 0$aFood$xMarketing$xMoral and ethical aspects 615 0$aNutrition policy 615 2$aFood Industry. 676 $a363.8/5/0973 700 $aNestle$b Marion$01463301 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786879803321 996 $aFood politics$93839975 997 $aUNINA