LEADER 05387nam 2200625 450 001 9910786623503321 005 20230803203706.0 010 $a92-4-069211-8 035 $a(CKB)3710000000198673 035 $a(EBL)1741839 035 $a(SSID)ssj0001451782 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12624049 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001451782 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)11477892 035 $a(PQKB)10231102 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1741839 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1741839 035 $a(OCoLC)884015886 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000198673 100 $a20220518d2014 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBasic methods for assessment of renal fluoride excretion in community prevention programmes for oral health /$fR. J. Baez, P. E. Petersen, and T. M. Marthaler 210 1$aGeneva, Switzerland :$cWorld Health Organization,$d[2014] 210 4$dİ2014 215 $a1 online resource (91 p.) 225 1 $aNonserial Publications 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a92-4-154870-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages [79]-83). 327 $aCover; Contents; Acronyms and abbreviations; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Sources of fluoride intake in humans; 1.3 Fluoride metabolism and excretion; 1.4 Biomarkers of fluoride exposure; 1.5 Urinary fluoride assessments in population oral health; 1.6 Areas of uncertainty; 2 General design of study; 2.1 Background; 2.2 Identification of participants; 2.3 Sampling; Location; Number of subjects; Age groups; Frequency; Time of study and number of days; 2.4 Methods of monitoring; 2.4.1 24-hour urine collection 327 $a2.4.2 Timed collections of urine obtained from defined periods of a day3 Methods for collecting urine, and for handling and evaluating results; 3.1 Recording of information; 3.1.1 General information; Figures; Figure 3.1 Example of daytime label used in time-controlled collections, to be attached to the urine collecting jar (WHO Form No. 96392, modified); Figure 3.2 Overnight urine collection label used in time-controlled collections (WHO Form No. 96393); Figure 3.3 Summary record form of urine collection from a group of children in time-controlled collections (WHO Form No. 96391) 327 $a3.1.2 Personal informationFigure 3.4 Sample invitation; Figure 3.5 Questionnaire on use of fluoride supplements and toothpaste; 3.2 Essential preparatory practices; 3.2.1 Pre-collection planning approaches; 4 Twenty-four hour urine collection; 4.1 Procedure; 4.2 Fluoride and creatinine concentrations; 4.3 Information to be recorded; 4.4 Determination of fluoride in urine; 4.5 General rules for tabulation and processing of data; 5 Design of the final report for 24-hour urine collection; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Materials and methods; 5.3 Results; Tables 327 $aTable 5.1 Urinary fluoride excretion data from 24-hour urine collections5.4 Discussion and conclusion; 5.5 Summary; 5.6 Tables for the 24-hour collection method; Table 5.2 Criteria for cleaning data from children aged 2-6 years, from 24-hour collections; Table 5.3 Standards for urinary fluoride excretion (mg/24-hour cycle): lower and upper margins; Table 5.4 Calculated daily urinary fluoride excretion associated with low, optimal and high fluoride intake for ages 1-14 years 327 $aTable 5.5 Calculated daily urinary fluoride excretion associated with low, optimal and high fluoride intake for broader age groups6 Collections of 8-18 hours (within the 24-hour cycle); 6.1 Collection of nocturnal urine and during periods of high excretion; 6.2 Optional calculations obtained from time-controlled urine collection - Use of a standardized format; 6.2.1 Coded recordings of personal data and individual fluoride exposure; 6.2.2 Standard table for surveys with 24-hour collections; 6.2.3 Standard table for surveys with two collections totalling 14-16 hours, using MS Excel 327 $a6.2.4 Standard table for surveys with three collections totalling 14-16 hours using MS Excel: complete series 330 $aThis manual informs about practical procedures inassessment of renal fluoride excretion based on experience fromexisting national fluoridation programmes. Theassessment tools will primarily be useful inassisting countries in achieving an effectivefluoride exposure. It is a hope that the manual willstimulate oral health personnel and public healthadministrators to use a systematic approach formanaging and analysing data obtained fromdifferent levels of fluoride exposure. Finally themanual encourages inter-country collaboration onsurveillance systems for community programmesusing fluoride for pr 410 0$aNonserial Publications 606 $aWater$xFluoridation$xHealth aspects 615 0$aWater$xFluoridation$xHealth aspects. 676 $a613.2/87 700 $aBaez$b Ramon J.$01533104 702 $aPetersen$b P. E$g(Poul Erik), 702 $aMarthaler$b T. M. 712 02$aWorld Health Organization 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786623503321 996 $aBasic methods for assessment of renal fluoride excretion in community prevention programmes for oral health$93779755 997 $aUNINA