LEADER 05526nam 2200697Ia 450 001 9910786583903321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-59813-113-3 035 $a(CKB)2670000000308440 035 $a(EBL)1080013 035 $a(OCoLC)821178693 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000783011 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12323791 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000783011 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10751974 035 $a(PQKB)11180442 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1080013 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1080013 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10632197 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000308440 100 $a20121211e20121987 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCrisis and Leviathan$b[electronic resource] $ecritical episodes in the growth of American government /$fRobert Higgs ; with a new preface by the author ; foreword by Arthur A. Ekirch 205 $a25th anniversary ed. 210 $aOakland, Calif. $cIndependent Institute$d2012 215 $a1 online resource (386 p.) 225 0 $aIndependent studies in political economy Crisis and leviathan 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-59813-111-7 311 $a1-59813-121-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover; Part I. Framework; 1. The Sources of Big Government: A Critical Survey of Hypotheses; Explanations of the Growth of Government; Modernization; Public Goods; The Welfare State; Political Redistribution; Ideology; Crisis; Conclusions; 2. How much has Government Grown?: Conventional Measures and an Alternative View; Conventional Measures of the Growth of Government; The Essence of Big Government: An Alternative View; Ratchets: Conventional Measures versus Fundamentals; Conclusions; 3. On Ideology as an Analytical Concept in the Study of Political Economy; What is Ideology? 327 $aIdeology and Political Action Ideology in Analysis; Ideology and Rhetoric; Ideology: Exogenous or Endogenous?; Conclusions; 4. Crisis, Bigger Government, and Ideological Change: Toward an Understanding of the Ratchet; A Schematic View of the Problem; Why Stage II?: A Cost-Concealment Hypothesis; Why Stage IV?: A (Partial) Hypothesis on Ideological Change; Recapitulation: Why the Ratchet?; The Task Ahead; Part II. History; 5. Crisis under the Old Regime, 1893-1896; Creative Destruction Ideologically Sustained, 1865-1893; Depression and Social Unrest, 1893-1896; Saving the Gold Standard 327 $aMaintaining Law and Order in the Labor Market Striking Down the Income Tax; Conclusions; 6. The Progressive Era: A Bridge to Modern Times; Economic Development and Political Change, 1898-1916; The Ideological Winds Shift; End and Beginning: The Railroad Labor Troubles, 1916-1917; Conclusions; 7. The Political Economy of War, 1916-1918; Neutral Prosperity and the Shipping Crisis; The Preparedness Controversy and New Governmental Powers; War and Conscription; Manipulating the Market Economy: The Major Agencies; Labor Problems and the Railroad Takeover; Supreme Court Rulings on War Measures 327 $aLegacies, Institutional and Ideological Conclusions; 8. The Great Depression: ""An Emergency More Serious Than War""; Economic Rise and fall, 1922-1933; What did Hoover Do?; Interregnum of Despair; Emergency, Emergency!; Planting the First New Deal: The Hundred Days; Cultivating and Pruning the First New Deal: The Supreme Court; Legacies, Institutional and Ideological; Conclusions; 9. The Political Economy of War, 1940-1945; De Jure Neutrality, De Facto Belligerency, 1939-1941; More Powers and Price Controls; The Armed Forces and the Economy; Work or Fight; The Supreme Court also Goes to War 327 $aLegacies, Institutional and Ideological Conclusions; 10. Crisis and Leviathan: From World War II to the 1980's; The Mixed Economy: March into Socialism or Fascism?; Crisis and Leviathan: The Recent Episodes; Conclusions; 11. Retrospect and Prospect; Retrospect; Prospect; Appendix to Chapter 2; Appendix to Chapter 9; Notes; Select Bibliography; Index; Back Cover 330 $aDiscussing how government has continually grown in size and scope during the past century, this account demonstrates that the main reason lies in government's responses to national "crises" (real or imagined), including economic upheavals and, especially, war. The result, this book argues, is the ever-increasing government power, which endures long after each crisis has passed, impinging on both civil and economic liberties and fostering extensive corporate welfare. Offering ideological explanations for the ascension of the role of government... 606 $aAdministrative agencies$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aBureaucracy$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aWelfare state$zUnited States$xHistory 606 $aIdeology$zUnited States$xHistory 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y19th century 607 $aUnited States$xPolitics and government$y20th century 615 0$aAdministrative agencies$xHistory. 615 0$aBureaucracy$xHistory. 615 0$aWelfare state$xHistory. 615 0$aIdeology$xHistory. 676 $a320.973 686 $aPOL040000$aHIS036000$2bisacsh 700 $aHiggs$b Robert$0249685 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786583903321 996 $aCrisis and leviathan$9616559 997 $aUNINA