LEADER 01406aam 2200421I 450 001 9910710222903321 005 20160309011336.0 024 8 $aGOVPUB-C13-dd583e065aac7203f7521309ec41220b 035 $a(CKB)5470000002477061 035 $a(OCoLC)944188161 035 $a(EXLCZ)995470000002477061 100 $a20160309d1981 ua 0 101 0 $aeng 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aM7 $ea general pattern matching facility users manual /$fA. R. Marriott; G. H. Skillman; S. B. Salazar; W. T. Hardgrave 210 1$aGaithersburg, MD :$cU.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,$d1981. 215 $a1 online resource 225 1 $aNBSIR ;$v80-2182 300 $a1981. 300 $aContributed record: Metadata reviewed, not verified. Some fields updated by batch processes. 300 $aTitle from PDF title page. 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 517 $aM7 700 $aMarriott$b A. R$01390310 701 $aHardgrave$b W. T$01390311 701 $aMarriott$b A. R$01390310 701 $aSalazar$b Sandra$01390312 701 $aSkillman$b G. H$01390313 712 02$aUnited States.$bNational Bureau of Standards. 801 0$bNBS 801 1$bNBS 801 2$bGPO 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910710222903321 996 $aM7$93442928 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04425oam 22011174 450 001 9910786481703321 005 20230801225350.0 010 $a1-4755-1289-9 010 $a1-4755-1288-0 035 $a(CKB)2670000000278841 035 $a(EBL)1607020 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607020 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607020 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10627062 035 $a(OCoLC)813461642 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012247 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012247 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000278841 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aUkraine Gas Pricing Policy : $eDistributional Consequences of Tariff Increases /$fPritha Mitra, Ruben Atoyan 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (24 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-1287-2 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Abstract; Contents; A. Introduction; B. Stylized Facts: Economic Implications of Gas Sector Subsidies; C. Theory: Implications of Higher Gas and Heating Tariffs; D. Model; E. Results; F. Conclusions; Tables; 1. Summary Statistics; 2. Determinants of Heating Demand; 3. Determinants of Gas Demand; Bibliography 330 3 $aUkraine?s gas pricing policy subsidizes gas and heating for all households. As the cost of imported gas rises, this policy increasingly weighs on government finances, sustains energy over-consumption, dampens investment in delivery systems, and undermines incentives for domestic production. However, gas price hikes have been deferred to the medium-term as they are politically unpopular. Through estimation of household demand functions by income quintiles to evaluate the distributional consequences of tarrif reform, this paper finds that tariff reforms combined with targeted social support can address the economic inefficiencies of the current pricing policy without large welfare costs to the lower income segments of the population. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/247 606 $aNatural gas$xPrices$zUkraine 606 $aNatural gas$xEconomic aspects$zUkraine 606 $aMacroeconomics$2imf 606 $aPublic Finance$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aAggregate Factor Income Distribution$2imf 606 $aTrade Policy$2imf 606 $aInternational Trade Organizations$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomics: Consumption$2imf 606 $aSaving$2imf 606 $aWealth$2imf 606 $aPrice Level$2imf 606 $aInflation$2imf 606 $aDeflation$2imf 606 $aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aIncome$2imf 606 $aTariffs$2imf 606 $aConsumption$2imf 606 $aPrice elasticity$2imf 606 $aExpenditure$2imf 606 $aNational accounts$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aPrices$2imf 606 $aTariff$2imf 606 $aEconomics$2imf 606 $aExpenditures, Public$2imf 607 $aUkraine$2imf 615 0$aNatural gas$xPrices 615 0$aNatural gas$xEconomic aspects 615 7$aMacroeconomics 615 7$aPublic Finance 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aAggregate Factor Income Distribution 615 7$aTrade Policy 615 7$aInternational Trade Organizations 615 7$aMacroeconomics: Consumption 615 7$aSaving 615 7$aWealth 615 7$aPrice Level 615 7$aInflation 615 7$aDeflation 615 7$aNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aIncome 615 7$aTariffs 615 7$aConsumption 615 7$aPrice elasticity 615 7$aExpenditure 615 7$aNational accounts 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aPrices 615 7$aTariff 615 7$aEconomics 615 7$aExpenditures, Public 700 $aMitra$b Pritha$01574037 701 $aAtoyan$b Ruben$0855108 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786481703321 996 $aUkraine Gas Pricing Policy$93858204 997 $aUNINA