LEADER 06459oam 22012374 450 001 9910786475503321 005 20230801225448.0 010 $a1-4755-1201-5 010 $a1-4755-1200-7 035 $a(CKB)2670000000278937 035 $a(EBL)1607006 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000943704 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11501247 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943704 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10978504 035 $a(PQKB)10131981 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607006 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607006 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10627158 035 $a(OCoLC)870245060 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012234 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012234 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000278937 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aCentral America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic : $eTrade Integration and Economic Performance /$fStephanie Medina Cas, Andrew Swiston, Luis Barrot 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (41 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/12/234 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-1202-3 311 $a1-4755-1084-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; I. Introduction and Summary; II. Historical and Prospective Economic Performance; Figures; 1. Economic Growth in CAPDR; 2. Export-to-GDP Ratios, Average 1960-2009; 3. Openness and Growth; 4. Economic Size and Outward Orientation; 5. CAPDR: Exports by Destination; III. Trade Integration Agreements and Regional Initiatives; Box 1. Mesoamerican Project; 6. CAPDR: Average Effective Tariff Rates; 7. Programmed Harmonization of Tariffs under CAPDR; 8. CAPDR: Trade Logistics, Infrastructure, and Customs; IV. The Profile of CAPDR's Exports; A. Overall Exports of Goods and Services 327 $a9. CAPDR: Exports to GDP10. CAPDR: Exports of Goods and Services; B. Outward Orientation Indexes; 11. Exports of Small Countries; 12. Intra-Regional Exports of Small Countries; 13. CAPDR: Assessing Outward Orientation; 14. Sophistication of Services Exports; V. Outward Orientation and Economic Performance; A. Exports Model; Tables; 1. The Determinants of Exports to GDP; B. Growth Model; 15. Exports of Small Countries; 16. Intra-Regional Exports of Small Countries; 2. The Impact of Outward Orientation on Growth; VI. Conclusions; 17. CAPDR: Effect on Growth from Improving Export Structure 327 $aAppendixesI. Country Groupings, Data Definitions and Sources, and Formulas; Appendix Tables; A.1. Countries Included in the Analysis; A.2. Data Sources; II. Key Features of Multilateral Trade Agreements Involving CAPDR; III. International Trade Agreements in CAPDR; References 330 3 $aThis paper studies the potential for the export sector to play a more important role in promoting growth in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic (CAPDR) through deeper intra-regional and global trade integration. CAPDR countries have enacted many free trade agreements and other regional integration initiatives in recent years, but this paper finds that their exports remain below the norm for countries of their size. Several indexes of outward orientation are constructed and suggest that the breadth of geographic trading relationships, depth of integration into global production chains, and degree of technological sophistication of exports in CAPDR are less conducive to higher exports and growth than in fast-growing, export-oriented economies. To boost exports and growth, CAPDR should implement policies to facilitate economic integration, particularly building a customs union, harmonizing trade rules, improving logistics and infrastructure, and enhancing regional cordination. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/234 606 $aInternational trade 606 $aEconomic development$zCentral America 606 $aEconomic development$zPanama 606 $aEconomic development$zDominican Republic 606 $aExports and Imports$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aTrade Policy$2imf 606 $aInternational Trade Organizations$2imf 606 $aEmpirical Studies of Trade$2imf 606 $aEconomic Integration$2imf 606 $aEconomic Growth of Open Economies$2imf 606 $aMacroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development$2imf 606 $aTrade: General$2imf 606 $aFinancial Aspects of Economic Integration$2imf 606 $aInternational economics$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aExports$2imf 606 $aTariffs$2imf 606 $aCustoms unions$2imf 606 $aRegional integration$2imf 606 $aService exports$2imf 606 $aInternational trade$2imf 606 $aTaxes$2imf 606 $aEconomic integration$2imf 606 $aTariff$2imf 606 $aProtectionism$2imf 606 $aInternational economic integration$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aInternational trade. 615 0$aEconomic development 615 0$aEconomic development 615 0$aEconomic development 615 7$aExports and Imports 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aTrade Policy 615 7$aInternational Trade Organizations 615 7$aEmpirical Studies of Trade 615 7$aEconomic Integration 615 7$aEconomic Growth of Open Economies 615 7$aMacroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development 615 7$aTrade: General 615 7$aFinancial Aspects of Economic Integration 615 7$aInternational economics 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aExports 615 7$aTariffs 615 7$aCustoms unions 615 7$aRegional integration 615 7$aService exports 615 7$aInternational trade 615 7$aTaxes 615 7$aEconomic integration 615 7$aTariff 615 7$aProtectionism 615 7$aInternational economic integration 700 $aMedina Cas$b Stephanie$01536622 701 $aSwiston$b Andrew$01462133 701 $aBarrot$b Luis$01536623 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786475503321 996 $aCentral America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic$93785479 997 $aUNINA