LEADER 07453oam 22015974 450 001 9910786474303321 005 20230801225459.0 010 $a1-4755-1248-1 010 $a1-4755-1246-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000278930 035 $a(EBL)1607012 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000941793 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11498813 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000941793 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10971664 035 $a(PQKB)11650760 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1607012 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1607012 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10627151 035 $a(OCoLC)812041171 035 $a(IMF)WPIEE2012238 035 $a(IMF)WPIEA2012238 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000278930 100 $a20020129d2012 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBanking and Trading /$fArnoud Boot, Lev Ratnovski 210 1$aWashington, D.C. :$cInternational Monetary Fund,$d2012. 215 $a1 online resource (49 p.) 225 1 $aIMF Working Papers 225 0$aIMF working paper ;$vWP/12/238 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a1-4755-1247-3 311 $a1-4755-1121-3 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Relationship to the Literature; III. Model; A. Approach; B. Credit Constraints; C. Banking; D. Trading; IV. Benefits of Conglomeration; V. Time Inconsistency of Capital Allocation; A. Setup: Long-term Banking; B. The Consequences of Time Inconsistency; C. Cost of Conglomeration under Time Inconsistency; VI. Trading as Risk-Shifting; A. Setup: Risky Trading; B. Risk-Shifting; C. The Interaction of Time Inconsistency and Risk Shifting; VII. Discussion; A. Front-loaded Income in Relationship Banking; B. External Equity and Internal Capital Allocation 327 $aC. Policy Implications VIII. Conclusion; References; Figures; 1. The Timeline; 2. The Timeline with Time Inconsistency; 3. Relationship Banking Allocation R as a Function of Trading Opportunities; 4. The Volume of Banking (R) and Trading (T), and Profits (?)under Conglomerated Banking; 5. The Volumes of Banking (R)and Trading (T), and Profits (?) with Risk-shifting; 6. Time Inconsistency Arises due to a Higher Return to Trading under Risk-shifting ("Effect 1"); 7. Risk-shifting Arises due to a Higher Volume of Trading, Driven by Time Inconsistency ("Effect 2") 330 3 $aWe study the effects of a bank's engagement in trading. Traditional banking is relationship-based: not scalable, long-term oriented, with high implicit capital, and low risk (thanks to the law of large numbers). Trading is transactions-based: scalable, shortterm, capital constrained, and with the ability to generate risk from concentrated positions. When a bank engages in trading, it can use its ?spare? capital to profitablity expand the scale of trading. However, there are two inefficiencies. A bank may allocate too much capital to trading ex-post, compromising the incentives to build relationships ex-ante. And a bank may use trading for risk-shifting. Financial development augments the scalability of trading, which initially benefits conglomeration, but beyond some point inefficiencies dominate. The deepending of the financial markets in recent decades leads trading in banks to become increasingly risky, so that problems in managing and regulating trading in banks will persist for the foreseeable future. The analysis has implications for capital regulation, subsidiarization, and scope and scale restrictions in banking. 410 0$aIMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;$vNo. 2012/238 606 $aBanks and banking 606 $aStocks 606 $aBanks and Banking$2imf 606 $aFinance: General$2imf 606 $aTaxation$2imf 606 $aIndustries: Financial Services$2imf 606 $aMoney and Monetary Policy$2imf 606 $aFinancial Risk Management$2imf 606 $aBanks$2imf 606 $aDepository Institutions$2imf 606 $aMicro Finance Institutions$2imf 606 $aMortgages$2imf 606 $aInvestment Banking$2imf 606 $aVenture Capital$2imf 606 $aBrokerage$2imf 606 $aRatings and Ratings Agencies$2imf 606 $aFinancial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation$2imf 606 $aFinancing Policy$2imf 606 $aFinancial Risk and Risk Management$2imf 606 $aCapital and Ownership Structure$2imf 606 $aValue of Firms$2imf 606 $aGoodwill$2imf 606 $aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation$2imf 606 $aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General$2imf 606 $aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General$2imf 606 $aFinancial Crises$2imf 606 $aBanking$2imf 606 $aFinance$2imf 606 $aPublic finance & taxation$2imf 606 $aMonetary economics$2imf 606 $aEconomic & financial crises & disasters$2imf 606 $aLines of credit$2imf 606 $aMoral hazard$2imf 606 $aBank soundness$2imf 606 $aTax incentives$2imf 606 $aFinancial institutions$2imf 606 $aFinancial sector policy and analysis$2imf 606 $aCredit$2imf 606 $aMoney$2imf 606 $aFinancial crises$2imf 606 $aBanks and banking$2imf 606 $aLoans$2imf 606 $aFinancial risk management$2imf 607 $aUnited States$2imf 615 0$aBanks and banking. 615 0$aStocks. 615 7$aBanks and Banking 615 7$aFinance: General 615 7$aTaxation 615 7$aIndustries: Financial Services 615 7$aMoney and Monetary Policy 615 7$aFinancial Risk Management 615 7$aBanks 615 7$aDepository Institutions 615 7$aMicro Finance Institutions 615 7$aMortgages 615 7$aInvestment Banking 615 7$aVenture Capital 615 7$aBrokerage 615 7$aRatings and Ratings Agencies 615 7$aFinancial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation 615 7$aFinancing Policy 615 7$aFinancial Risk and Risk Management 615 7$aCapital and Ownership Structure 615 7$aValue of Firms 615 7$aGoodwill 615 7$aGeneral Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation 615 7$aTaxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General 615 7$aMonetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General 615 7$aFinancial Crises 615 7$aBanking 615 7$aFinance 615 7$aPublic finance & taxation 615 7$aMonetary economics 615 7$aEconomic & financial crises & disasters 615 7$aLines of credit 615 7$aMoral hazard 615 7$aBank soundness 615 7$aTax incentives 615 7$aFinancial institutions 615 7$aFinancial sector policy and analysis 615 7$aCredit 615 7$aMoney 615 7$aFinancial crises 615 7$aBanks and banking 615 7$aLoans 615 7$aFinancial risk management 700 $aBoot$b Arnoud$01536609 701 $aRatnovski$b Lev$01193852 801 0$bDcWaIMF 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786474303321 996 $aBanking and Trading$93785467 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02450nam 2200433z- 450 001 9910548269003321 005 20250918211636.0 035 $a(CKB)5850000000010027 035 $a(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/78964 035 $a(oapen)doab78964 035 $a(EXLCZ)995850000000010027 100 $a20202203d2021 |y 0 101 0 $aita 135 $aurmn|---annan 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aDisabilita? e societa?$eInclusione, autonomia, aspirazioni 210 $aMilan$cFrancoAngeli$d2021 215 $a1 online resource (164 p.) 225 1 $aScienze e salute 311 08$a88-351-3264-9 330 $aThe book focuses on a well-established stream of research on disability which, both internationally and nationally, has proved fruitful in theoretical and analytical aspect, and was certainly fundamental in the process that led to the recognition of the rights of people with disabilities and the implementation of inclusive policies. The rigorous analysis present in all the chapters of the book also highlight the wide distance between the principles that guide the reflection on this issue, the policies for disability and the living conditions that people with disabilities experience daily. From the book emerges that the challenge is not merely the recognition of the rights of persons with disabilities but also making these rights enforceable. For this to be possible, both efficient and effective policies and a cultural change which recognizes disabled people "as part of human diversity and humanity" is necessary. This means placing at the center of discussion the aspirations and the empowerment of people with disabilities. The book is designed for scholars of disability, but also for social operators who work with disabled people. 517 $aDisabilitą e societą 606 $aDisability: social aspects$2bicssc 610 $adisability studies 610 $aDisabled people 610 $aequal opportunities 610 $aindependent living 610 $apolicy on disability 610 $aself-determination 610 $asocial inclusion 615 7$aDisability: social aspects 700 $aTerraneo$b Marco$4auth$0751690 702 $aTognetti Bordogna$b Mara$4auth 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910548269003321 996 $aDisabilitą e societą$93029583 997 $aUNINA LEADER 02768nam 22004453a 450 001 9910476917103321 005 20250513222732.0 010 $a9783847012269 010 $a3847012266 010 $a9783737012263 010 $a3737012261 024 8 $ahttps://doi.org/10.14220/9783737012263 035 $a(CKB)4100000011558508 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC6409177 035 $a(ScCtBLL)06657210-0cde-45a2-97bb-52fb42f919ad 035 $a(EXLCZ)994100000011558508 100 $a20211214i20202021 uu 101 0 $ager 135 $auru|||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aZeit und Zeitperzeption : $eHistorische Beiträge zur interdisziplinären Debatte /$fJon Mathieu 205 $a1 ed. 210 1$a[s.l.] :$cV&R unipress,$d2020. 215 $a1 online resource (131 p.) 311 08$a9783847112266 311 08$a3847112260 330 $a»Zeit« ist in der Geschichte und den weiteren Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften ein ebenso zentraler wie merkwu?rdiger und schwieriger Begriff. Es gibt Zeit in allen Varieta?ten, als chronologisch gemessene, als perso?nlich oder kollektiv erfahrene und wahrgenommene, als konzeptualisierte und theoretisierte. Auf welchem semantischen Koordinatensystem bauen wir auf, wenn wir heute u?ber temporale Erscheinungen sprechen? Was geschieht, wenn wir versuchen, historische Zeit zu theoretisieren? Und was ist zu erwarten, wenn man Zeitmodelle von einer Disziplin in die andere transferiert? Jon Mathieu untersucht solche Fragen in sechs Essays. Dazu schaut er bekannten Protagonisten der interdisziplina?ren Zeitdebatte u?ber die Schultern, wenn sie an ihren Entwu?rfen arbeiten und sich fu?r den einen oder anderen Weg entscheiden. "Time" is a curious, difficult, and central notion in history and the other social and cultural sciences. It exists in many varieties - time chronolgically measured, personally or collectively experienced, conceptualised and theorised. On which semantical coordinates do we base, when we speak of temporal phenomena today? What happens, when we try to theorise historical time? And what is to be expected, when one transfers a time model from one discipline to another? Jon Mathieu deals with such questions in six essays. In doing so, he also looks over the shoulders of well-known protagonists of the interdisciplinary time-debate as they work on their texts and decide on their message. 606 $aPhilosophy$2bisacsh 606 $aPhilosophy 615 7$aPhilosophy 615 0$aPhilosophy. 700 $aMathieu$b Jon$0876949 801 0$bScCtBLL 801 1$bScCtBLL 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910476917103321 996 $aZeit und Zeitperzeption$92565517 997 $aUNINA