LEADER 04619oam 22004934a 450 001 9910786459503321 005 20231119155750.0 010 $a0-8173-8761-7 035 $a(CKB)3710000000111313 035 $a(EBL)1687320 035 $a(OCoLC)879576359 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse38468 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1687320 035 $a(EXLCZ)993710000000111313 100 $a20040414d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aAbductive Reasoning$b[electronic resource] /$fDouglas Walton 210 $aTuscaloosa, Ala. $cUniversity of Alabama Press$d2004 215 $a1 online resource (320 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8173-1441-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [283]-294) and index. 327 $aContents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; 1. Abductive, Presumptive, and Plausible Arguments; Abductive Inference; Peirce on the Three Types of Reasoning; Peirce on the Form of Abductive Inference; Scientific Discovery and Artificial Intelligence; Abductive Inference in Legal Evidence; Defeasible, Plausible, and Presumptive Reasoning; Tentative Definitions; Argumentation Schemes; Araucaria as a Tool for Argument Diagramming; 2. A Dialogue Model of Explanation; Types of Explanation; Models of Scientific Explanation; Simulation, Understanding, and Making Sense 327 $aScripts, Anchored Narratives, and ImplicaturesThe Dialogue Model of Explanation; The Speech Act of Explanation; Dialogue Models of Scientific Argumentation and Explanation; Examination Dialogue and Shared Understanding; Dialectical Shifts and Embeddings; 3. A Procedural Model of Rationality; Computational Dialectics; Reasoning as Chaining of Inferences; Forward and Backward Chaining Rule-Based Systems in Artificial Intelligence; The Problem of Enthymemes; Multiagent Practical Reasoning; Bounded Rationality; 4. Defeasible Modus Ponens Arguments 327 $aA Typical Case of Abductive Reasoning in Evidence LawArgumentation from Consequences; Defeasible Inferences and Modus Ponens; Conditionals and Generalizations; Abductive Inference in Medical Diagnosis; Introducing Defeasible Modus Ponens; Using Defeasible Modus Ponens as an Argumentation Scheme; 5. Abductive Causal Reasoning; Necessary and Sufficient Conditions; Forms of Causal Argumentation; Argument from Correlation to Cause; Abductive Causal Reasoning in Law; Causal Abduction in Medical Examination and Diagnosis; Causal Reasoning as Dynamic Improvement of a Hypothesis 327 $aThe Thesis That Causal Reasoning Is AbductiveCausal Explanations; The Chain of Reasoning in the Accident Case; Insights into Causal Argumentation Yielded by the Abductive Theory; 6. Query-Driven Abductive Reasoning; Argument Extrapolation by Chaining Forward; Colligation in Chaining Backward; The Form of Abductive Inference Revisited; Belief-Desire-Intention and Commitment Models; The Abductive Profile of Dialogue; Abduction as a Query-Driven Process; Discovery as an Open Process; Retraction of Commitment; The Four Phases of Abductive Reasoning; 7. Unsolved Problems of Abduction 327 $aAbduction and Argumentation SchemesEnthymemes, Argumentation Schemes, and the Defeasible Modus Ponens Form of Reasoning; The Role of Examination in Science; Accounts and Explanations; The Problem of Inconsistency; How Abductive Reasoning Moves Forward by Examining Competing Accounts; Question-Answering and Critiquing Systems in Artificial Intelligence; Summary of Abduction as a Heuristic; Notes; References; Index 330 $aThis book examines three areas in which abductive reasoning is especially important: medicine, science, and law. The reader is introduced to abduction and shown how it has evolved historically into the framework of conventional wisdom in logic. Discussions draw upon recent techniques used in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems and plan recognition, to develop a dialogue model of explanation. Cases of causal explanations in law are analyzed using abductive reasoning, and all the components are finally brought together to build a new account of abd 606 $aReasoning 606 $aAbduction (Logic) 615 0$aReasoning. 615 0$aAbduction (Logic) 676 $a160 700 $aWalton$b Douglas N$0214601 801 0$bMdBmJHUP 801 1$bMdBmJHUP 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786459503321 996 $aAbductive Reasoning$93754857 997 $aUNINA