LEADER 04435nam 2200733Ia 450 001 9910786026503321 005 20230331011450.0 010 $a1-283-97143-7 010 $a981-4434-17-5 035 $a(CKB)2670000000328637 035 $a(EBL)1113161 035 $a(OCoLC)827210207 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000850986 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12368601 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000850986 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10838511 035 $a(PQKB)10580817 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1113161 035 $a(WSP)00000622 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1113161 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10648629 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL428393 035 $a(EXLCZ)992670000000328637 100 $a19881104d1988 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aLower dimensional gravity$b[electronic resource] /$fJohn David Brown 210 $aSingapore ;$aTeaneck, N.J. $cWorld Scientific$dc1988 215 $a1 online resource (164 p.) 300 $aA revised version of the author' thesis. Cf. p. v. 311 $a9971-5-0622-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references. 327 $aCONTENTS; I INTRODUCTION; I.1 Three Dimensional Gravity; I.2 Two Dimensional Gravity; References for Chapter I; II THE ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE OF THREE DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY; II.1 Introduction; II.2 Solutions To Three Dimensional Gravity With ? < 0; II.3 Global Charges and the RxSO(2) Asymptotic Symmetries; II.4 The Conformal Group Of Asymptotic Symmetries; IV.5 The Canonical Realization Of Asymptotic Symmetries; II. Appendix 1: The Initial Value Problem; II. Appendix 2: The Lie and Surface Deformation Algebras; References for Chapter II; III BL.ACK HOLES IN TWO SPACETIME DIMENSIONS 327 $aIII.1 Point Sources in Two Dimensional GravityIII.2 Black Hole Solutions; References for Chapter III; IV NEUTRALIZATION OF THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT IN TWO SPACETIME DIMENSIONS; IV.I Introduction; IV.1a. Particle creation.; IV.1b. Neutralization of the cosmological constant.; IV.1c. Additional features of particle creation.; IV.1d. Overview.; IV.2 Pair Creation Without Gravity; IV.2a. Lorentzian solutions.; IV.2b. Instantons.; IV.2c. Action and probability.; IV.3 Adding Gravity; IV.3a. The gravitational equation.; IV.3b. Geometry of the instantons.; IV.4 Instantons For Pair Creation 327 $aIV..4a. Solving the equations.IV.4b. Interpretation.; IV.5 The Gravitational Action; IV.5a. Coordinate invariance.; IV.5b. Surface terms.; IV.6 Probability For Particle Creation; IV.6a. Type 1 instantons.; IV.6b. Topology change.; IV.6c. Dependence on m and e.; IV.7 The Cosmological Constant; IV.7a. Evolution from de Sitter spacetime.; IV.7b. Evolution to (nearly) flat spacetime.; IV.8 Membrane Creation In Four Dimensions; IV.8a. Four dimensional generalization.; IV.8b. Instantons.; IV.8c. Probability.; IV.8d. Neutralizing the cosmological constant.; References for Chapter IV 330 $aThis book addresses the subject of gravity theories in two and three spacetime dimensions. The prevailing philosophy is that lower dimensional models of gravity provide a useful arena for developing new ideas and insights, which are applicable to four dimensional gravity. The first chapter consists of a comprehensive introduction to both two and three dimensional gravity, including a discussion of their basic structures. In the second chapter, the asymptotic structure of three dimensional Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant is analyzed. The third chapter contains a treatment 606 $aQuantum gravity 606 $aSupergravity 606 $aGauge fields (Physics) 606 $aGeneral relativity (Physics) 606 $aSymmetry (Physics) 606 $aSpace and time 606 $aParticles (Nuclear physics) 606 $aMathematical physics 615 0$aQuantum gravity. 615 0$aSupergravity. 615 0$aGauge fields (Physics) 615 0$aGeneral relativity (Physics) 615 0$aSymmetry (Physics) 615 0$aSpace and time. 615 0$aParticles (Nuclear physics) 615 0$aMathematical physics. 676 $a530.11 700 $aBrown$b John David$01496932 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910786026503321 996 $aLower dimensional gravity$93721871 997 $aUNINA LEADER 04678nam 2200985 a 450 001 9910778289503321 005 20230828231619.0 010 $a0-8147-8574-3 010 $a1-4356-0046-0 024 7 $a10.18574/9780814785744 035 $a(CKB)1000000000476535 035 $a(EBL)865999 035 $a(OCoLC)782878082 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000168973 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11153845 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000168973 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10202687 035 $a(PQKB)10832693 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC865999 035 $a(OCoLC)174031072 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse10313 035 $a(DE-B1597)547197 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780814785744 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL865999 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10170574 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000476535 100 $a20060517d2006 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe harp and the eagle$b[electronic resource] $eIrish-American volunteers and the Union Army, 1861-1865 /$fSusannah Ural Bruce 210 $aNew York $cNew York University Press$dc2006 215 $a1 online resource (364 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8147-9939-6 311 $a0-8147-9940-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 285-292) and index. 327 $a"An Irishman will not get to live in this country" : the Irish in America, 1700-1860 -- "Remember your country and keep up its credit" : volunteering for Ireland and America -- "We are slaughtered like sheep, and no result but defeat" : the decline of Irish-American support for the war in 1862 -- "The Irish spirit for the war is dead! absolutely dead!" : battles raging in the field and at home, 1862-1863 -- "Hordes of Celts and rebel sympathizers" : the decline and consequence of Irish-American support for the war -- "Father was a soldier of the Union" : Irish veterans and the creation of an Irish-American identity. 330 $aOn the eve of the Civil War, the Irish were one of America's largest ethnic groups, and approximately 150,000 fought for the Union. Analyzing letters and diaries written by soldiers and civilians; military, church, and diplomatic records; and community newspapers, Susannah Ural Bruce significantly expands the story of Irish-American Catholics in the Civil War, and reveals a complex picture of those who fought for the Union.While the population was diverse, many Irish Americans had dual loyalties to the U.S. and Ireland, which influenced their decisions to volunteer, fight, or end their military service. When the Union cause supported their interests in Ireland and America, large numbers of Irish Americans enlisted. However, as the war progressed, the Emancipation Proclamation, federal draft, and sharp rise in casualties caused Irish Americans to question?and sometimes abandon?the war effort because they viewed such changes as detrimental to their families and futures in America and Ireland.By recognizing these competing and often fluid loyalties, The Harp and the Eagle sheds new light on the relationship between Irish-American volunteers and the Union Army, and how the Irish made sense of both the Civil War and their loyalty to the United States. 606 $aIrish American soldiers$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aIrish Americans$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aCatholics$zUnited States$xHistory$y19th century 607 $aUnited States$xHistory$yCivil War, 1861-1865$xParticipation, Irish American 610 $aAnalyzing. 610 $aBruce. 610 $aCatholics. 610 $aCivil. 610 $aIrish-American. 610 $aSusannah. 610 $aUnion. 610 $aUral. 610 $aWar. 610 $achurch. 610 $acivilians. 610 $acommunity. 610 $acomplex. 610 $adiaries. 610 $adiplomatic. 610 $aexpands. 610 $afought. 610 $aletters. 610 $amilitary. 610 $anewspapers. 610 $apicture. 610 $arecords. 610 $areveals. 610 $asignificantly. 610 $asoldiers. 610 $astory. 610 $athose. 610 $awritten. 615 0$aIrish American soldiers$xHistory 615 0$aIrish Americans$xHistory 615 0$aCatholics$xHistory 676 $a973.7/410899162 700 $aUral$b Susannah J$01471470 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910778289503321 996 $aThe harp and the eagle$93854027 997 $aUNINA