LEADER 05704nam 2200733Ia 450 001 9910784565403321 005 20230124182313.0 010 $a1-280-63793-5 010 $a9786610637935 010 $a0-08-045422-4 035 $a(CKB)1000000000363831 035 $a(EBL)269864 035 $a(OCoLC)475999834 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000128041 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11138721 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000128041 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10063360 035 $a(PQKB)11576791 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC269864 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL269864 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10138401 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL63793 035 $a(OCoLC)75261943 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000363831 100 $a20050825d2005 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 00$aComputer-graphic facial reconstruction$b[electronic resource] /$f[edited by] John G. Clement and Murray K. Marks 210 $aBurlington, MA $cElsevier Academic Press$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (409 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-12-473051-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCOVER; COMPUTER-GRAPHIC FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION; CONTENTS; FOREWORD; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; ABOUT THE EDITORS; LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS; PART I HISTORY AND BACKGROUND; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION; 1.1 BACKGROUND; 1.2 UNITING MICRO- AND MACROMORPHOLOGICAL THEMES; 1.3 FORENSIC IMPERATIVES; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 2 CLASSICAL NON-COMPUTER-ASSISTED CRANIOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTION; 2.1 INTRODUCTION; 2.2 CRANIOFACIAL RECONSTRUCTION; 2.3 HISTORY OF CFR; 2.4 ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SKULL; 2.5 SOFT-TISSUE DEPTH; 2.6 MANUAL 2D CFR; 2.6.1 SKETCHES; 2.6.2 GEORGE'S METHOD 327 $a2.7 MANUAL 3D CFR2.8 DISCUSSION; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 3 THE WISDOM OF BONES: FACIAL APPROXIMATION ON THE SKULL; 3.1 INTRODUCTION; 3.2 THE PURPOSE OF FACIAL APPROXIMATION; 3.3 A HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE; 3.4 WHAT THE SKULL CAN TELL US: POSITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE SKULL AND THE FACIAL FEATURES; 3.4.1 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ORBIT AND THE EYE; 3.4.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BONY NASAL APERTURE AND THE NOSE; 3.4.3 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SKULL, THE TEETH, AND THE MOUTH; 3.4.4 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SKULL AND THE EARS; 3.4.5 SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE FACE 327 $a3.5 BUILDING THE FACE FROM THE SKULL3.5.1 PRELIMINARY COLLECTION OF DATA; 3.5.2 CLEANING AND PREPARATION OF THE SKULL; 3.5.3 REPAIRING THE DAMAGED SKULL; 3.5.4 THE CLAY MODELING PROCEDURE; 3.6 HOW SUCCESSFUL IS FACIAL APPROXIMATION?; 3.7 COMPUTER ENHANCEMENT OF THE APPROXIMATION; 3.8 PUBLICIZING THE RESULTS; 3.9 CASE REPORTS; 3.10 CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTIFICATION OF FACIAL SHAPE; 4.1 INTRODUCTION; 4.2 BACKGROUND: WHY MEASURE FACES?; 4.3 BACKGROUND: WHAT IS A FACE?; 4.4 DATA ACQUISITION METHODS; 4.5 SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS 327 $a4.6 QUANTITATIVE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FACES4.7 DATA TYPES: POINT CLOUDS; 4.8 DATA TYPES: LANDMARKS; 4.9 DATA TYPES: OUTLINES; 4.10 CALCULATION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FACES; 4.11 CONCLUSION; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; CHAPTER 5 AUTOMATIC 3D FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION BY FEATURE-BASED REGISTRATION OF A REFERENCE HEAD; 5.1 INTRODUCTION; MORPHOMETRY-BASED METHODS; MORPHOLOGY-BASED METHODS; REGISTRATION-BASED METHODS; 5.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD; 5.2.1 DATA ACQUISITION; THE ACQUISITION PROCESS; THE REFERENCE HEAD; EXPERIMENT 1: UNKNOWN CONTEMPORARY SKULL 327 $aEXPERIMENT 2: PREHISTORIC SKULL OF THE MAN OF TAUTAVEL5.2.2 EXTRACTION OF FEATURE POINTS AND LINES; 5.2.3 REGISTRATION OF FEATURE LINES; 5.2.4 GEOMETRICAL NORMALIZATION; 5.2.5 COMPUTING THE 3D TRANSFORMATION; 5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION; 5.3.1 THE PROBLEM OF THE VALIDATION; EXPERIMENT 1; EXPERIMENT 2; 5.3.2 DEFINING A REFERENCE HEAD; 5.3.3 MODELING THE HUMAN VARIABILITY; AGE; ETHNICITY; CORPULENCE; EXPRESSIVITY; 5.3.4 INFERRING ILL-DEFINED FACIAL PARTS OR FEATURES; 5.4 CONCLUSION; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; REFERENCES; PART II CONCEPTS AND CREATION OF FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION MODELS 327 $aCHAPTER 6 TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER-GENERATED AVERAGE HUMAN FACE MORPHOLOGY AND FACIAL APPROXIMATION 330 $aThis unique books looks at a cost-efficient, fast and accurate means of facial reconstruction--from segmented, decomposed, or skeletal remains--using computer-graphic and computational means.Computer-Graphic Facial Reconstruction is designed as a valuable resource for those scientists designing new research projects and protocols, as well as a practical handbook of methods and techniques for medico-legal practitioners who actually identify the faceless victims of crime. It looks at a variety of approaches: artificial intelligence using neural networks, case-based reasoning, Baysian be 606 $aForensic osteology 606 $aFacial reconstruction (Anthropology) 606 $aForensic anthropology 606 $aHuman face recognition (Computer science) 606 $aDead$vIdentification 615 0$aForensic osteology. 615 0$aFacial reconstruction (Anthropology) 615 0$aForensic anthropology. 615 0$aHuman face recognition (Computer science) 615 0$aDead 676 $a006.4 676 $a614.1 701 $aClement$b John G$01089873 701 $aMarks$b Murray K$01488126 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910784565403321 996 $aComputer-graphic facial reconstruction$93708357 997 $aUNINA