LEADER 06219nam 2201129Ia 450 001 9910783315903321 005 20221222201121.0 010 $a0-520-94039-3 010 $a1-59734-590-3 024 7 $a10.1525/9780520940390 035 $a(CKB)1000000000030726 035 $a(EBL)227292 035 $a(OCoLC)475933518 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000145622 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11158342 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000145622 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10182208 035 $a(PQKB)10515083 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC227292 035 $a(DE-B1597)519147 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780520940390 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL227292 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10075624 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000030726 100 $a20040701d2005 ub 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||#|||||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aEmancipation betrayed$b[electronic resource] $ethe hidden history of Black organizing and white violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the bloody election of 1920 /$fPaul Ortiz 210 $aBerkeley $cUniversity of California Press$dc2005 215 $a1 online resource (433 p.) 225 0 $aAmerican Crossroads ;$v16 300 $a"George Gund Foundation imprint in African American studies." 311 0 $a0-520-25003-6 311 0 $a0-520-23946-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $tFront matter --$tContents --$tList of Illustrations --$tList of Tables --$tPreface: Election Day in Florida --$tAcknowledgments --$tPrologue: Slavery and Civil War --$t1. The Promise Of Reconstruction --$t2. The Struggle To Save Democracy --$t3. We Are In The Hands Of The Devil --$t4. To Gain These Fruits That Have Been Earned --$t5. To See That None Suffer --$t6. Looking For A Free State To Live In --$t7. Echoes Of Emancipation --$t8. With Babies In Their Arms --$t9. Election Day, 1920 --$tConclusion: Legacies Of The Florida Movement --$tNotes --$tSelected Bibliography --$tIndex 330 $aIn this penetrating examination of African American politics and culture, Paul Ortiz throws a powerful light on the struggle of black Floridians to create the first statewide civil rights movement against Jim Crow. Concentrating on the period between the end of slavery and the election of 1920, Emancipation Betrayed vividly demonstrates that the decades leading up to the historic voter registration drive of 1919-20 were marked by intense battles during which African Americans struck for higher wages, took up arms to prevent lynching, forged independent political alliances, boycotted segregated streetcars, and created a democratic historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Contrary to previous claims that African Americans made few strides toward building an effective civil rights movement during this period, Ortiz documents how black Floridians formed mutual aid organizations-secret societies, women's clubs, labor unions, and churches-to bolster dignity and survival in the harsh climate of Florida, which had the highest lynching rate of any state in the union. African Americans called on these institutions to build a statewide movement to regain the right to vote after World War I. African American women played a decisive role in the campaign as they mobilized in the months leading up to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. The 1920 contest culminated in the bloodiest Election Day in modern American history, when white supremacists and the Ku Klux Klan violently, and with state sanction, prevented African Americans from voting. Ortiz's eloquent interpretation of the many ways that black Floridians fought to expand the meaning of freedom beyond formal equality and his broader consideration of how people resist oppression and create new social movements illuminate a strategic era of United States history and reveal how the legacy of legal segregation continues to play itself out to this day. 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xPolitics and government$y19th century 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xPolitics and government$y20th century 606 $aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights$zFlorida$xHistory 606 $aAfrican Americans$zFlorida$xSocial conditions 606 $aRacism$zFlorida$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aRacism$zFlorida$xHistory$y20th century 606 $aViolence$zFlorida$xHistory$y19th century 606 $aViolence$zFlorida$xHistory$y20th century 607 $aFlorida$xRace relations 607 $aFlorida$xPolitics and government$y1865-1950 610 $a19th amendment. 610 $a19th century american history. 610 $a20th century american history. 610 $aafrican american culture. 610 $aafrican american politics. 610 $ablack floridians. 610 $acivil rights movement. 610 $acivil war. 610 $aelection day. 610 $aemancipation. 610 $ahigher wages. 610 $ahistorical memory. 610 $ahistorical. 610 $ajim crow era. 610 $akkk. 610 $aku klux klan. 610 $alabor unions. 610 $alynching. 610 $amutual aid organizations. 610 $aoppression. 610 $apolitics. 610 $areconstruction. 610 $aretrospective. 610 $asegregated streetcars. 610 $aslavery. 610 $asocial movements. 610 $astrikes. 610 $aunited states of america. 610 $avoter registration drive. 610 $awhite supremacists. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xPolitics and government 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xCivil rights$xHistory. 615 0$aAfrican Americans$xSocial conditions. 615 0$aRacism$xHistory 615 0$aRacism$xHistory 615 0$aViolence$xHistory 615 0$aViolence$xHistory 676 $a305.896/0730759/09034 700 $aOrtiz$b Paul$f1964-$01467812 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910783315903321 996 $aEmancipation betrayed$93678655 997 $aUNINA