LEADER 05630nam 2200709Ia 450 001 9910782974403321 005 20230721021138.0 010 $a1-282-34880-9 010 $a9786612348808 010 $a0-470-72368-8 035 $a(CKB)1000000000725208 035 $a(EBL)470542 035 $a(OCoLC)609849491 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000307656 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11244338 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000307656 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10245353 035 $a(PQKB)11043939 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC470542 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL470542 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10301035 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL234880 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000725208 100 $a20070803d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 10$aRational diagnosis and treatment$b[electronic resource] $eevidence-based clinical decision-making /$fPeter C. Gøtzsche 205 $a4th ed. 210 $aChichester, England ;$aHoboken, NJ $cJohn Wiley & Sons$dc2007 215 $a1 online resource (245 p.) 300 $aRev. ed. of: Rational diagnosis and treatment / Henrik R. Wulff and Peter C. Gøtzsche. 3rd ed. 2000. 311 $a0-470-51503-1 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [211]-223) and index. 327 $aRational Diagnosis and Treatment; Contents; Preface; Introduction; 1 The Foundation of Clinical Decisions; The Clinical Decision Process; Clinical Data; Scales of Measurement; Taking the History; The Physical Examination; Paraclinical Findings; Global Assessments; 2 Reliability and Relevance of Clinical Data; Clinical Data on an Interval Scale; Clinical Data on an Ordinal Scale; Clinical Data on a Binary Scale; Descriptive Paraclinical Findings; Descriptive Physical Signs; The Statistical Concept of Normality; The Concept of Disease; Interpretation and Relevance; Indicators 327 $a3 The Disease Classification The Historical Perspective; The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries; The Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries; The Theoretical Perspective; The Mechanical Model of Disease; Molecular Biology; Disease and the Environment; The Practical Perspective; Name of Disease; Definition; Causes of Disease (Aetiology and Pathogenesis); The Clinical Picture; Diagnosis and Treatment; 4 Diagnosis; The Diagnostic Universe; Diagnosis of Diseases with an Accessible Defining Criterion; The Direct Method for Assessing the Accuracy of Test Results 327 $aThe Indirect Method for Assessing the Accuracy of Test Results Terminological Confusion; Quantitative Data; Diagnosis of Diseases with a Concealed Defining Criterion; Syndrome Diagnosis; Three Patients; Diagnosis in Practice; Frequential and Subjective Probabilities; Diagnostic Strategy; 5 Uncontrolled Experience; Uncontrolled Experience in a Pre-Scientific Era; The Numerical Method; The Era of Laboratory Research; The Spontaneous Course of the Disease; Regression Towards the Mean; Run of Luck; Bias; The Placebo Effect; The Need for Controlled Experience 327 $aAlternative Medicine: Pseudo-scientific Thinking 6 The Randomized Clinical Trial; Selection of Patients; Randomization; Choice of Treatment in the Control Group; Principles of Blinding; Cross-Over Trials; Measures of Benefits and Harms; Stopping Rules; Assessment of the Results; Statistical Analysis; Hypothesis Testing; Estimation; Other Statistical Measures of Effect; Subgroup Analyses; Systematic Reviews; From Trials to Practice; Evidence-Based Medicine and Commercial Pressures; 7 Medicine and the Humanities; The Four Components of Clinical Reasoning; The Empathic-Hermeneutic Component 327 $aThe Ethical Component Three Kinds of Norms; The Foundation of Health Care Ethics; The Structure of Ethical Reasoning; Assessment of the Facts of the Case; Consequential Considerations; Deontological Considerations; The Ethical Decision; Quality of Life; Autonomy and Paternalism; Clinical Examples; Clinical Research Ethics; 8 Critical Reading of Medical Journals; Logical Analysis of Medical Papers; Assets and Limitations of Cohort Studies; Assets and Limitations of Case-Control Studies; Other Designs; Descriptive Statistics; Estimation; Testing Hypotheses; Pseudohypothetico-Deductive Logic 327 $aWrong Sampling Unit 330 $aNow in its fourth edition, Rational Diagnosis and Treatment: Evidence-Based Clinical Decision-Making is a unique book to look at evidence-based medicine and the difficulty of applying evidence from group studies to individual patients. The book analyses the successive stages of the decision process and deals with topics such as the examination of the patient, the reliability of clinical data, the logic of diagnosis, the fallacies of uncontrolled therapeutic experience and the need for randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses. It is the main theme of the book that, whenever 606 $aClinical medicine$xDecision making 606 $aEvidence-based medicine 606 $aDiagnosis$xPhilosophy 606 $aTherapeutics$xPhilosophy 615 0$aClinical medicine$xDecision making. 615 0$aEvidence-based medicine. 615 0$aDiagnosis$xPhilosophy. 615 0$aTherapeutics$xPhilosophy. 676 $a616.07/5 676 $a616.075 700 $aGøtzsche$b Peter C$0873849 701 $aWulff$b Henrik R$0262572 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782974403321 996 $aRational diagnosis and treatment$93831837 997 $aUNINA