LEADER 05157nam 2201033 a 450 001 9910782724603321 005 20230912141240.0 010 $a1-282-85718-5 010 $a9786612857188 010 $a0-7735-6505-1 024 7 $a10.1515/9780773565050 035 $a(CKB)1000000000713505 035 $a(OCoLC)181843769 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebrary10135113 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000283760 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11227867 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000283760 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10248974 035 $a(PQKB)11770477 035 $a(DE-B1597)655688 035 $a(DE-B1597)9780773565050 035 $a(VaAlCD)20.500.12592/gr9dvw 035 $a(schport)gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/1/400736 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3331130 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3245383 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000713505 100 $a20150424d1994|||| s|| | 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur||||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 10$aRisk, science, and politics $eregulating toxic substances in Canada and the United States /$fKathryn Harrison and George Hoberg 210 $aMontreal [Que.] $cMcGill-Queen's University Press$d©1994 215 $a1 online resource (xiii, 235 pages) 300 $aBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph 311 $a0-7735-1236-5 327 $tFront Matter -- $tContents -- $tPreface -- $tAbbreviations -- $tPolicy Making amid Scientific Uncertainty -- $tCancer Risk Assessment: Concepts and Controversies -- $tBetween Science and Politics: Assessing the Risks of Dioxins -- $tForbidden Fruit: Regulating the Pesticides Alachlor and Alar -- $tPaternalism vs Consumer Choice:Regulation of Saccharin in Canada and the United States* -- $tPolitical Insulation: The Rise and Fall of Urea-Formaldehyde Foam* -- $tAcceptable Risks? Regulating Asbestos in Canada and the U.S.* -- $tThe Perils of Paternalism: Controlling Radon Exposure in Canadian and U.S. Homes -- $tConclusion: Risk, Science, and Public Policy -- $tNotes -- $tIndex 330 $aPaying particular attention to how politicians and bureaucrats in the two countries deal with the scientific uncertainty that pervades environmental decision making, Harrison and Hoberg analyse case studies of seven controversial substances suspected of causing cancer in humans: the pesticides Alar and alachlor, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, radon gas, dioxin, saccharin, and asbestos. They weigh the strengths and weaknesses of each country's approach according to five criteria: stringency and timeliness of the regulatory decision, balancing of risks and benefits by decision makers, opportunities for public participation, and the interpretation of science in regulatory decision making. The Canadian approach is exemplified by closed decision making, case-by-case review that relies heavily on expert judgement, and limited public debate about the scientific basis of regulatory decisions. In contrast, regulatory science in the United States is characterized by publication of lengthy rationales for regulatory decisions, reliance on standardized procedures for risk assessment, and controversy surrounding the interpretation of scientific evidence. 606 $aEnvironmental policy$zCanada 606 $aEnvironmental policy$zUnited States 606 $aHazardous substances$xLaw and legislation$zCanada 606 $aHazardous substances$xLaw and legislation$zUnited States 606 $aUNSPECIFIED$2bisac 606 $aHealth Policy 606 $aHazardous Substances 606 $aPublic Policy 606 $aEnvironmental Pollutants 606 $aToxic Actions 606 $aSocial Control Policies 606 $aChemical Actions and Uses 606 $aSocial Control, Formal 606 $aPolicy 606 $aHealth Care Economics and Organizations 606 $aSocial Sciences 606 $aDrug Therapy 606 $aSociology 606 $aHealth Care 606 $aLaw, General & Comparative$2HILCC 606 $aLaw, Politics & Government$2HILCC 615 0$aEnvironmental policy 615 0$aEnvironmental policy 615 0$aHazardous substances$xLaw and legislation 615 0$aHazardous substances$xLaw and legislation 615 7$aUNSPECIFIED 615 2$aHealth Policy 615 2$aHazardous Substances 615 2$aPublic Policy 615 2$aEnvironmental Pollutants 615 2$aToxic Actions 615 2$aSocial Control Policies 615 2$aChemical Actions and Uses 615 2$aSocial Control, Formal 615 2$aPolicy 615 2$aHealth Care Economics and Organizations 615 2$aSocial Sciences 615 2$aDrug Therapy 615 2$aSociology 615 2$aHealth Care 615 7$aLaw, General & Comparative 615 7$aLaw, Politics & Government 676 $a363.7/00971 700 $aHarrison$b Kathryn$f1958-$01521198 701 $aHoberg$b George$f1958-$0925179 801 0$bPQKB 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782724603321 996 $aRisk, science, and politics$93791412 997 $aUNINA LEADER 05141nam 22006134a 450 001 9910830886303321 005 20230617040222.0 010 $a1-281-31173-1 010 $a9786611311735 010 $a3-527-61248-3 010 $a3-527-61249-1 035 $a(CKB)1000000000376235 035 $a(EBL)481638 035 $a(OCoLC)609855373 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000296865 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11253836 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000296865 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10328151 035 $a(PQKB)10578372 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC481638 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000376235 100 $a20040202d2004 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aFreeze-drying$b[electronic resource] 205 $a2nd, completely rev. and extended ed. /$bGeorg-Wilhelm Oetjen, Peter Haseley. 210 $aWeinheim $cWiley-VCH$dc2004 215 $a1 online resource (409 p.) 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a3-527-30620-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aFreeze-Drying; Table of Contents; Preface; Preface to the First Edition; 1 Foundations and Process Engineering; 1.1 Freezing; 1.1.1 Amount of Heat, Heat Conductivity, Heat Transfer and Cooling Rate; 1.1.2 Structure of Ice, Solutions and Dispersions; 1.1.3 Influence of Excipients; 1.1.4 Freezing of Cells and Bacteria; 1.1.5 Methods of Structure Analysis; 1.1.5.1 Measurements of Electrical Resistance (ER); 1.1.5.2 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA); 1.1.5.3 Cryomicroscopy; 1.1.5.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); 1.1.5.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 327 $a1.1.5.6 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)1.1.5.7 Dielectric Analysis (DEA); 1.1.5.8 X-ray Diffractometry-Raman Spectroscopy; 1.1.6 Changes of Structure in Freezing or Frozen Products; 1.2 Drying; 1.2.1 Main Drying (Sublimation Drying); 1.2.2 Secondary Drying (Desorption Drying); 1.2.3 Temperature and Pressure Measurement; 1.2.4 Water Vapor Transport During Drying; 1.2.5 Collapse and Recrystallization; 1.2.6 Drying Processes Without Vacuum; 1.3 Storage; 1.3.1 Measurement of the Residual Moisture Content (RM); 1.3.1.1 Gravimetric Method; 1.3.1.2 Karl Fischer (KF) Method 327 $a1.3.1.3 Thermogravimetry (TG, TG/MS)1.3.1.4 Infrared Spectroscopy; 1.3.2 Influence of Vial Stoppers on the Residual Moisture Content; 1.3.3 Qualities of the Dry Substances and Their Changes; 1.4 References for Chapter 1; 2 Installation and Equipment Technique; 2.1 Freezing Installation; 2.1.1 Cooling by Liquids: Shell-freezing and Spin-freezing; 2.1.2 Cooled Surfaces; 2.1.3 Product in the Flow of Cold Air, Foaming and Freezing of Extracts and Pulps; 2.1.4 Droplet Freezing in Cold Liquids; 2.1.5 Freezing by Evaporation of Product Water; 2.2 Components of a Freeze-drying Plant 327 $a2.2.1 Installations for Flasks and Manifolds2.2.2 Drying Chambers and Forms of Trays; Trays for Special Applications; 2.2.3 Shelves and their Cooling and Heating; 2.2.4 Water Vapor Condensers; 2.2.5 Refrigerating Systems and Refrigerants; 2.2.6 Vacuum Pumps; 2.2.7 Inlet Venting Filters; 2.2.8 Vacuum Measuring Systems; 2.2.9 Leak Rate Detection; 2.2.10 Process Control Systems; 2.2.11 Problems, Failures and Deviations; 2.3 Installations up to 10 kg Ice Capacity; 2.3.1 Universal Laboratory Plants; 2.3.2 Pilot Plants; 2.3.3 Manipulators and Stoppering Systems for Vials 327 $a2.3.4 Cleaning Installations, Sterilization by Steam and Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (VHP®)2.4 Production Plants; 2.4.1 Loading and Unloading Systems; 2.5 Production Plants for Food; 2.5.1 Discontinuous Plants; 2.5.2 Continuous Plants with Tray Transport; 2.5.3 Continuous Plants with Product Transport by Wipers or by Vibration; 2.6 Process Automation; 2.6.1 Prerequisites for Process and Related Plant Automation; 2.6.2 Control of the Process and Related Plant Data by Thermodynamic Data Measured During the Process: Thermodynamic Lyophilization Control (TLC) 327 $a2.6.2.1 Control of the Process Without Temperature Sensors in the Product 330 $aMany modern pharmaceutical and biological products, e.g. blood derivatives, vaccines, cytostatic drugs, antibiotics, bacteria cultures but also consumer goods such as soluble coffee are freeze-dried to transform perishable substances into a form that can be stored and reconstituted to their almost original state without loss of quality.The book describes the up-to-date fundamentals of freeze-drying, not just presenting the process in all its seven steps theoretically, but explaining it with many practical examples. 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