LEADER 04032nam 2200637 450 001 9910796577203321 005 20231119160623.0 010 $a1-5015-1697-3 010 $a1-5015-0048-1 010 $a1-61451-517-4 024 7 $a10.1515/9781614515173 035 $a(CKB)3850000000000807 035 $a(EBL)4618895 035 $a(OCoLC)955136510 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC4618895 035 $a(DE-B1597)245931 035 $a(OCoLC)979882609 035 $a(DE-B1597)9781614515173 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL4618895 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr11241236 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL943490 035 $a(EXLCZ)993850000000000807 100 $a20160826h20162016 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn#nnn||||| 181 $2rdacontent 182 $2rdamedia 183 $2rdacarrier 200 00$aAdvanced proficiency and exceptional ability in second languages /$fedited by Kenneth Hyltenstam 210 1$aBerlin, [Germany] ;$aBoston, [Massachusetts] :$cDe Gruyter Mouton,$d2016. 210 4$dİ2016 215 $a1 online resource (282 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aStudies on Language Acquisition,$x1861-4248 ;$vVolume 51 300 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 311 $a1-61451-518-2 311 $a1-61451-718-5 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. 327 $tFrontmatter --$tPreface --$tTable of contents --$tContributors --$tIntroduction: Perspectives on advanced second language proficiency --$t1 Pragmatic markers in high-level second language use --$t2 Morphosyntax and discourse in highlevel second language use --$t3 The lexicon of advanced L2 learners --$t4 Formulaic language in advanced second language acquisition and use --$t5 Reading proficiency in advanced L2 users --$t6 Linguistic outsourcing and native-like performance in international call centres: An overview --$t7 The polyglot ? an initial characterization on the basis of multiple anecdotal accounts --$t8 The exceptional ability of polyglots to achieve high-level proficiency in numerous languages --$tSubject index 330 $aWhile the literature on second language acquisition and use is overwhelmingly rich with respect to initial and intermediate stages of development, present knowledge of levels of ultimate attainment that are equal or close to that if native speakers has so far not been presented in a coherent manner. This is what the present volume aims to achieve. In addition to chapters that summarize what is currently known about the grammatical, lexical, and discourse features that continue to exhibit instability at the most advanced levels of second language development, the volume presents overviews of the incipient research on two unique learner populations, polyglots and employees in international call centres. Polyglots, defined as language users who are proficient in six or more second languages, may be considered second language learners par excellence. Call centre employees in economically less developed parts of the world are intriguing in how they cope with the high language proficiency requirements of their job. In conclusion, this book is relevant for all readers - both professionals and students - interested in the development of second language theory. For language teachers, the book provides insights that are profitable in classrooms for advanced learners. 410 0$aStudies on language acquisition ;$vVolume 51. 606 $aSecond language acquisition 610 $aAdvanced L2 Proficiency. 610 $aExceptionality. 610 $aInternational Call Centers. 610 $aPolyglots. 615 0$aSecond language acquisition. 676 $a418 686 $aER 925$qDE-25/sred19$2rvk 702 $aHyltenstam$b Kenneth 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910796577203321 996 $aAdvanced proficiency and exceptional ability in second languages$93795084 997 $aUNINA LEADER 03557nam 2200721 a 450 001 9910782578503321 005 20200520144314.0 010 $a1-281-92647-7 010 $a9786611926472 010 $a90-474-2162-0 024 7 $a10.1163/ej.9789004157286.i-344 035 $a(CKB)1000000000555433 035 $a(EBL)468100 035 $a(OCoLC)646381991 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000242574 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11217940 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000242574 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10311610 035 $a(PQKB)10950838 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC468100 035 $a(OCoLC)166358248 035 $a(nllekb)BRILL9789047421627 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL468100 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10270948 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL192647 035 $a(PPN)170426327 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000555433 100 $a20071101d2007 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aScripturalist Islam$b[electronic resource] $ethe history and doctrines of the Akhba?ri? Shi??i? school /$fby Robert Gleave 210 $aLeiden ;$aBoston $cBrill$d2007 215 $a1 online resource (368 p.) 225 1 $aIslamic philosophy, theology, and science,$x0169-8729 ;$vv. 72 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a90-04-15728-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. [321]-333) and index. 327 $aThe Akhba?ri?-Us?u?li? dispute and the early "Akhba?ri?" school -- Muh?ammad Ami?n al-Astara?ba?di? and the formation of the Akhba?ri? school -- Astara?ba?di?'s legal thought -- Astara?ba?di?'s theological and philosophical thought -- The spread of Akhbarism after Astara?ba?di? -- Defining the Akhba?ri?-Us?u?li? conflict -- Akhba?ri? Qur?anic interpretation -- Sunna and the Akhba?r in Akhba?ri? jurisprudence -- Akhba?ri? hermeneutics -- Conclusions. 330 $aThe Akhb?r? School dominated the intellectual landscape of Im?m? Shi?ism between the Seventeenth and early Nineteenth Centuries. Its principal doctrines involved a reliance on scripture (primarily the sayings or akhb?r of the Shi?ite Imams) and a rejection of the rational exegetical techniques which had become orthodox doctrine in Im?m? theology and law. However, the Akhb?r?s were not simple literalists, as they are at times portrayed in secondary literature. They developed a complex theory of exegesis in which texts could be interpreted, whilst at the same time remaining doggedly committed to the ability of the revelatory texts to provide answers to theological and legal questions arising within the Sh??? community. This book is the first in-depth study of the intellectual development and historical influence of the Akhb?r? School. 410 0$aIslamic philosophy, theology, and science ;$vv. 72. 606 $aAkhba?ri?yah$xHistory 606 $aAkhba?ri?yah$xDoctrines 606 $aShi??ah$xDoctrines 606 $aShi??ah$xHistory 606 $aIslamic law 615 0$aAkhba?ri?yah$xHistory. 615 0$aAkhba?ri?yah$xDoctrines. 615 0$aShi??ah$xDoctrines. 615 0$aShi??ah$xHistory. 615 0$aIslamic law. 676 $a297.8/2 686 $a11.83$2bcl 700 $aGleave$b R$g(Robert)$01508863 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782578503321 996 $aScripturalist Islam$93740371 997 $aUNINA