LEADER 05372oam 22007455 450 001 9910782573603321 005 20230207225837.0 010 $a1-281-78739-6 010 $a9786611787394 010 $a0-8213-7368-4 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-7367-5 035 $a(CKB)1000000000576178 035 $a(EBL)459798 035 $a(OCoLC)560632475 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000090173 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11119778 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000090173 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10097892 035 $a(PQKB)11258553 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC459798 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL459798 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10252480 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL178739 035 $a(The World Bank)ocn190850763 035 $a(US-djbf)15324275 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000576178 100 $a20080610d2008 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 04$aThe welfare impact of rural electrification : $ea reassessment of the costs and benefits ; an IEG impact evaluation /$fWorld Bank Independent Evaluation Group 210 1$aWashington :$cWorld Bank,$d2008. 215 $axx, 154 pages $cillustrations (some color) ;$d28 cm 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-7367-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 151-154). 327 $aContents; Abbreviations; Acknowledgments; Foreword; Executive Summary; Chairperson's Summary: Committee on Development Effectiveness (CODE); 1 Introduction; 2 World Bank Lending for Rural Electrification; Figure 2.1 A Growing Number of Rural Electrification Projects Are in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa; Figure 2.2 Increased Energy Supply and Institutional Development Account for the Largest Share of Objectives; Figure 2.3 Gender Issues Are Increasingly Taken into Account but Still Affect the Design of Only a Minority of Energy Projects; 3 Who Benefits from Rural Electrification? 327 $aFigure 3.1 Pattern of Electrification Favors the Non-Poor, but This Bias Generally Reduces over Time as Electrification Coverage ExpandsFigure 3.2 Share of Poor of On-Grid Electricity Consumption Is Low; Box 3.1 Successful RE through a Multisectoral CDD Project; Box 3.2 Selection of Projects under the Peru Rural Electrification Project; Box 3.3 Chile Rural Electrification Fund; Figure 3.3 A Large Proportion of Households Connect to the Grid Immediately after It Becomes Available . . . But Some Remain Unconnected after Many Years 327 $aTable 3.1 Relative Price of Grid, Off-Grid, and Kerosene (/kWh) for Selected CountriesBox 3.4 India's Experience with the Single Point Light Connection Scheme: Kutir Jyoti; Box 3.5 Overcoming the Connection Cost Barrier; Box 3.6 Poor Communication of Tariff Structures Can Disadvantage the Poor; 4 What Is Electricity Used for in Rural Areas?; Figure 4.1 The Energy Ladder; Figure 4.2 Nearly All Projects Provide Residential Connections, but also Other Connections for Productive Purposes; Box 4.1 The Cold Chain; Figure 4.3 Pattern of Consumption in Rural Households (Distribution Total kWh) 327 $aBox 4.2 Electrification and Worker Absenteeism in the Social Sector5 The Benefits of Rural Electrification; Box 5.1 Shedding Light on Lumens; Figure 5.1 Consumer Surplus; Figure 5.2 Producer Surplus; Table 5.1 Willingness to Pay Calculation for Lighting; Table 5.2 Willingness to Pay Calculation for TV; Box 5.2 The Health Risk of Candles; Table 5.3 Fertility Impact of Electrification; Table 5.4 Hours Watching TV by Electrification Status; Box 5.3 Micro Home Enterprises; Table 5.5 Rural Electrification Benefits (US per Household per Month); Figure 5.3 Willingness to Pay Exceeds Supply Cost 327 $aBox 5.4 Technical Problems Reduce the Benefits from Off-Grid Investments6 Conclusion and Lessons Learned; Appendixes; Endnotes; Bibliography 330 $aRural electrification can have many benefits-not only bringing lighting, but improving the quality of health care, spreading information and supporting productive enterprises. The extent of these benefits has been questioned, arguing that they may be insufficient to justify the investment costs. This book quantifies these benefits. It finds that the benefits can indeed be high, substantially outweighing the costs, and that consumer willingness to pay is generally sufficient to achieve financial sustainability. However, benefits could be increased further by providing smart subsidies to assist 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aRural electrification$xEconomic aspects$zDeveloping countries 606 $aRural electrification$xSocial aspects$zDeveloping countries 606 $aRural electrification$zDeveloping countries 615 0$aRural electrification$xEconomic aspects 615 0$aRural electrification$xSocial aspects 615 0$aRural electrification 676 $a333.7932091724 712 02$aWorld Bank.$bIndependent Evaluation Group. 801 0$bYDXCP 801 1$bYDXCP 801 2$bBAKER 801 2$bBWX 801 2$bCDX 801 2$bGUA 801 2$bCUS 801 2$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782573603321 996 $aThe welfare impact of rural electrification$93740324 997 $aUNINA