LEADER 05351nam 2200661Ia 450 001 9910782280103321 005 20230607222103.0 010 $a1-281-92834-8 010 $a9786611928346 010 $a981-277-572-2 035 $a(CKB)1000000000537944 035 $a(EBL)1679421 035 $a(OCoLC)879023419 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000109062 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11127658 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000109062 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10045466 035 $a(PQKB)11062486 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC1679421 035 $a(WSP)00004855 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL1679421 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10255433 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL192834 035 $a(EXLCZ)991000000000537944 100 $a20020628d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aBasic principles and practical applications in epidemiological research$b[electronic resource] /$fJung-Der Wang 210 $aSingapore ;$aRiver Edge, N.J. $cWorld Scientific$dc2002 215 $a1 online resource (379 p.) 225 1 $aQuantitative sciences on biology and medicine ;$vv. 1 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a981-02-4801-6 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references (p. 341-361) and index. 327 $aContents; Preface; 1 Introduction to Epidemiological Research; 1.1 Definition of epidemiology; 1.2 Evolving trends of epidemiological research; 1.3 Types of inferences in epidemiological research; 1.4 Outline of the basic principles of epidemiological research; 1.5 Summary; Quiz of Chapter 1; 2 Principles of Scientific Research: Deductive Methods and Process of Conjecture and Refutation; 2.1 The process of scientific research; 2.2 Deductive methods: Common logical reasoning; 2.3 Conjectures and Refutations; 2.4 Why take a refutational attitude? 327 $a2.5 The limitations of conjectures and refutations2.6 Summary; Quiz of Chapter 2; 3 Scientific Hypothesis and Degree of Corroboration; 3.1 Hypothesis Formation - How to form a conjecture?; 3.2 What makes a hypothesis scientific?; 3.3 Successful refutation and auxiliary hypotheses - Has one disproved the primary hypothesis?; 3.4 Failure to falsify and degree of corroboration - Do the results of the study corroborate the primary hypothesis?; 3.5 Credibility of a hypothesis and decision-making; 3.6 Summary; Quiz of Chapter 3; 4 Causal Inference and Decision 327 $a4.1 Causal concepts in medicine and public health4.2 Proposed criteria for causal decisions; 4.2.1 Necessary criteria; 4.2.2 Quasi-necessary criteria; 4.2.3 Other supportive criteria; 4.3 Objective knowledge and consensus method; 4.4 Summary; Quiz of Chapter 4; 5 Basic Principles of Measurement; 5.1 What is measurement?; 5.2 Why does one perform measurement?; 5.3 How does one measure?; 5.3.1 Measurements in socio-behavioral science; 5.4 Accuracy of measurement: Validity and reliability; 5.5 Scales of measurement; 5.5.1 Nominal scale: A scale of qualitative measurement 327 $a5.5.2 Ordinal scale: A scale of semi-quantitative measurement5.5.3 Interval scale: Quantitative measurement with or without an absolute zero starting point; 5.5.4 Ratio scale: Quantitative measurement with an absolute zero starting point; 5.6 Common evaluation method in medical diagnostic tests; 5.7 Validity and reliability of physico-chemical, biological and socio-behavioral measurements from a refutationist's point of view; 5.7.1 Measurement of chemicals in the environment or inside the human body 327 $a5.7.2 Conceptualization of exposure dose and its measurement in occupational and environmental medicine5.7.3 Validity and reliability of socio-behavioral measurement; 5.8 How to perform accurate measurement by questionnaire Limitations of questionnaire information; 5.8.1 Construction of a questionnaire; 5.8.2 Interview procedures; 5.9 Summary; Quiz of Chapter 5; 6 Basic Measurements in Epidemiological Research; 6.1 Evolving trends in epidemiological measurement; 6.2 Basic measurements of outcome in epidemiology 327 $a6.2.1 Outcome measurement: Counting of events and states, rate, proportion, and ratio 330 $a Based on the concept of "conjecture and refutation" from the Popperian philosophy of science, i.e. looking for alternative causes, this book simplifies the design and inferences of human observational studies into two types: descriptive and causal. It clarifies how and why causal inference should be considered from the search for alternative explanations or causes, and descriptive inference from the sample at hand to the source population. Furthermore, it links the health policy and epidemiological concept with decisional questions, for which the basic measurement can be quality-adjusted surv 410 0$aQuantitative sciences on biology and medicine ;$vv. 1. 606 $aEpidemiology$xResearch 606 $aEpidemiology 615 0$aEpidemiology$xResearch. 615 0$aEpidemiology. 676 $a614.4072 700 $aWang$b Jung-Der$01563144 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910782280103321 996 $aBasic principles and practical applications in epidemiological research$93831339 997 $aUNINA