LEADER 04007oam 2200697Ka 450 001 9910781541103321 005 20230905231331.0 010 $a0-262-29727-2 010 $a1-283-34365-7 010 $a9786613343659 010 $a0-262-29821-X 024 8 $a9786613343659 035 $a(CKB)2550000000073774 035 $a(EBL)3339342 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000551852 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12204527 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000551852 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10542218 035 $a(PQKB)11053627 035 $a(StDuBDS)EDZ0000130775 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3339342 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse24513 035 $a(MaCbMITP)8048 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3339342 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10517481 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL334365 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000073774 100 $a20111212d2011 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 10$aPaper machines $eabout cards & catalogs, 1548-1929 /$fMarkus Krajewski ; translated by Peter Krapp 210 $aCambridge, Mass. $cMIT Press$dİ2011 215 $a1 online resource (222 p.) 225 1 $aHistory and foundations of information science 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-262-01589-7 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aCover ; Contents; 1 From Library Guides to the Bureaucratic Era; 2 Temporary Indexing; I Around 1800; 3 The First Card Index?; 4 Thinking in Boxes; 5 American Arrival; II Around 1900; 6 Institutional Technology Transfer; 7 Transatlantic Technology Transfer; 8 Paper Slip Economy; Afterword to the English Edition; Notes; References; Index 330 $a"Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a "universal paper machine" that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business."--Publisher's website. 410 0$aHistory and foundations of information science. 606 $aCatalog cards$xHistory 606 $aCard catalogs$xHistory 606 $aInformation organization$xHistory 610 $aINFORMATION SCIENCE/General 610 $aSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology 610 $aINFORMATION SCIENCE/Library Science 615 0$aCatalog cards$xHistory. 615 0$aCard catalogs$xHistory. 615 0$aInformation organization$xHistory. 676 $a025.3/109 700 $aKrajewski$b Markus$f1972-$0568188 702 $aKrapp$b Peter 801 0$bOCoLC-P 801 1$bOCoLC-P 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910781541103321 996 $aPaper machines$93693919 997 $aUNINA