LEADER 07177oam 22006615 450 001 9910781344303321 005 20230126204047.0 010 $a1-283-10004-5 010 $a9786613100047 010 $a0-8213-8652-2 024 7 $a10.1596/978-0-8213-8455-8 035 $a(CKB)2550000000035348 035 $a(EBL)718841 035 $a(OCoLC)729257487 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000520780 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)12205069 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000520780 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10530189 035 $a(PQKB)11491533 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC718841 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL718841 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10468640 035 $a(CaONFJC)MIL310004 035 $a(The World Bank)2011002973 035 $a(US-djbf)16626825 035 $a(EXLCZ)992550000000035348 100 $a20110127d2011 uf 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aurcn||||||||| 181 $ctxt$2rdacontent 182 $cc$2rdamedia 183 $acr$2rdacarrier 200 00$aAfrica's power infrastructure : $einvestment, integration, efficiency /$fAnton Eberhard ... [and others] 210 1$aWashington, D.C :$cWorld Bank,$d[2011] 210 4$dcopyright 2011. 215 $axxix, 317 pages $cillustrations ;$d23 cm 225 0 $aDirections in development. Infrastructure 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 $a0-8213-8455-4 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aAfrica unplugged -- The region's underdeveloped energy resources -- The lag in installed generation capacity -- Stagnant and inequitable access to electricity services -- Unreliable electricity supply -- The prevalence of back-up generators -- Increasing use of leased emergency power -- A power crisis exacerbated by drought, conflict, and high oil prices -- High power costs that generally do not cover costs -- Deficient power infrastructure constrains social and economic development -- The promise of regional power trade -- Uneven distribution and poor economies of scale -- Despite power pools, low regional power trade -- The potential benefits of expanded regional power trading -- What regional patterns of trade would emerge? -- Water resources management and hydropower development -- Who gains most from power trade? -- How will less hydropower development influence trade flows? -- What are the environmental impacts of trading power? -- Technology choices and the clean development mechanism -- How might climate change affect power investment patterns? -- Meeting the challenges of regional integration of infrastructure -- Building a political consensus -- Strengthening regional institutions -- Setting priorities for regional infrastructure -- Facilitating project preparation and cross-border finance -- Developing regional regulatory frameworks -- Investment requirements -- Modeling investment needs -- Estimating supply needs -- Overall cost requirements -- The sapp -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- The EAPP/Nile Basin -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 35 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- WAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target rate : electricity access of 54 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- CAPP -- Constant access rates under trade expansion -- Regional target for access rate : electricity access of 44 percent on average -- National targets for electricity access -- Strengthening sector reform and planning -- Power sector reform in sub-Saharan Africa -- Private management contracts : winning the battle, losing the war -- Sector reform, sector performance -- The search for effective hybrid markets -- Regulatory institutions may need to be redesigned -- The challenges of independent regulation -- Regulation by contract -- Outsourcing regulatory functions -- Toward better regulatory systems -- A model to fit the context -- Widening connectivity and reducing inequality -- Low electricity connection rates -- Mixed progress, despite many agencies and funds -- Inequitable access to electricity -- Affordability of electricity : subsidizing the well off -- Policy challenges for accelerating service expansion -- Don't forget the demand side of the equation -- Take a hard-headed look at affordability -- Target subsidies to promote service expansion -- Systematic planning needed for periurban and rural electrification -- Recommitting to the reform of state-owned enterprises -- Hidden costs in underperforming state-owned enterprises -- Driving down operational inefficiencies and hidden costs -- Effect of better governance on performance of state-owned utilities -- Making state-owned enterprises more effective -- Defined roles and responsibilities -- Altering the political economy around the utility -- Practical tools for improving the performance of state-owned utilities -- Closing Africa's power funding gap -- Existing spending in the power sector -- How much more can be done within the existing resource envelope? -- Increasing cost recovery -- On budget spending : raising capital budget execution -- Improving utility performance -- Savings from efficiency-oriented reforms -- Annual funding gap -- How much additional finance can be raised? -- Little scope for raising more domestic finance -- Official development assistance : sustaining the scale-up -- Non-OECD financiers will growth continue? -- Private investors : over the hill -- Local capital markets : a possibility in the medium term -- Bank lending -- Equity -- Corporate bonds -- The most promising ways to increase funds -- What else can be done? -- Taking more time -- Lowering costs through regional integration -- The way forward. 330 $aAfrica?s chronic power problems have escalated in recent years into a crisis affecting 30 countries, taking a heavy toll on economic growth and productivity. The region has inadequate generation capacity, limited electrification, low power consumption, unreliable services, and high costs. It also faces a power sector financing gap on the order of 21 billion a year. It spends only about a quarter of what it needs to spend on power, much of this on operating expenditure required to run the continent?s high-cost power systems, leaving little for the huge investments needed to provide a long-term 410 0$aWorld Bank e-Library. 606 $aRural electrification$xGovernment policy$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aEnergy policy$xSocial aspects$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 606 $aCapital investments$zAfrica, Sub-Saharan 615 0$aRural electrification$xGovernment policy 615 0$aEnergy policy$xSocial aspects 615 0$aCapital investments 676 $a333.793/20967 701 $aEberhard$b Anton A$01503385 801 0$bDLC 801 1$bDLC 801 2$bDLC 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910781344303321 996 $aAfrica's power infrastructure$93731752 997 $aUNINA