LEADER 04046nam 2200709Ia 450 001 9910780036603321 005 20220914171254.0 010 $a0-8018-7618-4 035 $a(CKB)111056486620440 035 $a(EBL)3318181 035 $a(OCoLC)923191549 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000242971 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11173502 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000242971 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10322050 035 $a(PQKB)10195016 035 $a(SSID)ssj0000474958 035 $a(PQKBManifestationID)11280342 035 $a(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000474958 035 $a(PQKBWorkID)10455316 035 $a(PQKB)10855388 035 $a(OCoLC)51504397 035 $a(MdBmJHUP)muse2499 035 $a(Au-PeEL)EBL3318181 035 $a(CaPaEBR)ebr10021656 035 $a(MiAaPQ)EBC3318181 035 $a(EXLCZ)99111056486620440 100 $a20010918d2002 uy 0 101 0 $aeng 135 $aur|n|---||||| 181 $ctxt 182 $cc 183 $acr 200 14$aThe secret of Apollo $esystems management in American and European space programs /$fStephen B. Johnson 210 $aBaltimore $cJohns Hopkins University Press$d2002 215 $a1 online resource (xvii, 290 pages) $cillustrations 225 1 $aNew series in NASA history 300 $aDescription based upon print version of record. 311 1 $a0-8018-8542-6 311 1 $a0-8018-6898-X 320 $aIncludes bibliographical references and index. 327 $aContents; Illustrations; Preface and Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Introduction: Management and the Control of Research and Development; Chapter 1 - Social and Technical Issues of Spaceflight; Chapter 2 - Creating Concurrency; Chapter 3 - From Concurrency to Systems Management; Chapter 4 - JPL's Journey from Missiles to Space; Chapter 5 - Organizing the Manned Space Program; Chapter 6 - Organizing ELDO for Failure; Chapter 7 - ESRO's American Bridge across the Management Gap; Chapter 8 - Coordination and Control of High-Tech Research and Development; Notes 327 $aEssay on Sources Index 330 $aHow does one go about organizing something as complicated as a strategic-missile or space-exploration program? Stephen B. Johnson here explores the answer -- systems management -- in a groundbreaking study that involves Air Force planners, scientists, technical specialists, and, eventually, bureaucrats. Taking a comparative approach, Johnson focuses on the theory, or intellectual history, of "systems engineering" as such, its origins in the Air Force's Cold War ICBM efforts, and its migration to not only NASA but the European Space Agency. Exploring the history and politics of aerospace development and weapons procurement, Johnson examines how scientists and engineers created the systems management process to coordinate large-scale technology development, and how managers and military officers gained control of that process. "Those funding the race demanded results," Johnson explains. "In response, development organizations created what few expected and what even fewer wanted -- a bureaucracy for innovation. To begin to understand this apparent contradiction in terms, we must first understand the exacting nature of space technologies and the concerns of those who create them." 410 0$aNew series in NASA history. 606 $aAstronautics, Military$zUnited States$xManagement 606 $aAstronautics$zUnited States$xManagement 606 $aAstronautics, Military$zEurope$xManagement 606 $aAstronautics$zEurope$xManagement 615 0$aAstronautics, Military$xManagement. 615 0$aAstronautics$xManagement. 615 0$aAstronautics, Military$xManagement. 615 0$aAstronautics$xManagement. 676 $a629.4/0973 700 $aJohnson$b Stephen B.$f1959-$0858884 801 0$bMiAaPQ 801 1$bMiAaPQ 801 2$bMiAaPQ 906 $aBOOK 912 $a9910780036603321 996 $aThe secret of Apollo$93776608 997 $aUNINA